Working Fluids for Sorption Heat Pumps

Boiling heat transfer and pressure drop of NH3/LiNO3 and NH3/(LiNO3 + H2O) in a plate heat exchanger

“…These authors also determined and correlated data for the density and vapour pressure of the mixture at 0.25 of water mass fraction in the absorbent. Bokelmann et al [16] carried out an experimental study dealing with the performance of an absorption heat pump working with the ternary fluid mixture ammonia/(lithium nitrate þ water). The data were reported by Manago [18] in a study on new mixtures for absorption heat pumps for the Heat Pump Program of The International Energy Agency.…”

“…Ehmke and Renz [15], and Bokelmann et al [16] proposed the addition of water to the binary mixture ammonia/lithium nitrate used in absorption heat pumps. Later, Reiner and Zaltash [17] proposed the use of the ternary mixture for GAX systems as an alternative to using ammonia/water systems.…”

Densities, Viscosities, and Heat Capacities of Ammonia + Lithium Nitrate and Ammonia + Lithium Nitrate + Water Solutions between (293.15 and 353.15) K

“…Nevertheless, the heat and mass transfer in the absorber are limited by the viscosity of the salt solutions. To overcome this drawback, Ehmke et al and Bokelmann proposed adding water to the binary mixture to be used in absorption heat pumps. Later, Reiner and Zaltash , proposed using the ternary mixture for GAX systems as an alternative to the ammonia + water systems.…”

Densities, Viscosities, Heat Capacities, and Vapor–Liquid Equilibria of Ammonia + Sodium Thiocyanate Solutions at Several Temperatures

“…With ammonia + sodium thiocyanate as a working fluid, several researchers − have presented the analysis and simulations of thermodynamic cycles for a cooling system at low temperatures and heating applications with heat pumps, comparing this mixture with other, like NH 3 + H 2 O and NH 3 + LiNO 3 . All of these studies have used thermophysical properties proposed by Infante Ferreira, who presented different correlations for each property based on the previous data for the NH 3 + NaSCN mixture and properties for pure ammonia.…”