Working conditions and occupational diseases of women in the Republic of Bashkortostan

Abstract

The main factors of the working environment that harm a woman’s health in the course of work are considered to be physical exertion and functional overstrain, noise, chemical and biological factors, and microclimate. The most unfavorable sectors of the economy in the Republic of Bashkortostan are manufacturing, construction and the agricultural sector, where the largest number of jobs are registered that do not meet the hygienic standards for the above-mentioned production factors, which undoubtedly serves as the main cause of the development of occupational diseases among women. Material and methods.According to the medical records of the inpatient patient, the acts on the case of occupational disease and the registration form No. 30, the etiological causes and the structure of occupational morbidity by industry sectors of the Republic of Bashkortostan among women for 2016–2020 were studied. Results. Among the subjects of the Russian Federation, the Republic of Bashkortostan for the analyzed fiveyear period ranked 25–27th in terms of employment of women in jobs with harmful and (or) dangerous working conditions, and among the 14 regions of the Volga Federal District — 3–5 places. If in the period 2016–2019 among all the primary established occupational diseases from 32.4 to 43.0 % were women, then by 2020 more than half of all occupational diseases (54.7 %) were detected among women. Of the 114 cases of occupational diseases identified to 85 female workers, a third of them worked in health care (32.9 %), a slightly smaller part (30.6 %) — in mechanical engineering (manufacturing) and a fifth — in the agro-industrial complex (21.1 %). The leading place in the structure of occupational pathology of women was occupied by diseases associated with high physical overload and overstrain of individual organs and systems (54.2 %). The reason for the change in the structure of occupational diseases in the region in 2020 there was a new coronavirus infection-Covid-19 in medical workers, which brought diseases from the influence of a biological factor to the second position. Conclusion. The state of working conditions and occupational morbidity among women workers indicates the lack of an effective mechanism for protecting women’s labor and the need to develop effective legislative documents for the protection of their labor and health.

Comparative Characteristics of Working Conditions and Occupational Morbidity across Industries in the Republic of Bashkortostan

“…Поэтому в последние годы государственная политика, претерпевшая серьезные изменения, направлена на стимулирование работодателей к разработке мероприятий и созданию безопасных и комфортных условий труда [2]. Государственное регулирование концентрируется на наиболее острых социальных проблемах, в том числе на выделении факторов трудового процесса, способствующих формированию профессиональных патологий [5,6], выявлении групп риска по результатам проведенных медицинских осмотров [2,7] и ориентируется на приоритетные национальные программы [4].…”

“…Проведен анализ условий труда по видам экономической деятельности и профессиональной заболеваемости на основа-нии статистических данных Башкортостанстата о численности и структуре работающего населения, распределении их в экономике по видам экономической деятельности и условий труда в организациях различных видов экономической деятельности 1,2,3,4 Результаты исследования. По данным официальной статистики 5 , за период с 2000 по 2019 г. динамика интенсивных показателей регистрируемой профессиональной заболеваемости работников в Российской Федерации [3] характеризуется неуклонной тенденцией к снижению (y = −0,0017x 2 -0,0065x + 2,0084; R 2 = 0,62), линия тренда представлена на графике (рис. 1).…”

“…123 с. 5 В структуре нозологических форм профессиональных патологий каждый пятый случай приходился на радикулопатии, седьмой -на вибрационную болезнь, каждый десятыйна полинейропатию и хронический бронхит, реже встречались другие нозологии (табл. 1).…”