Working Bones: A Unique Iron Age IIA Bone Workshop from Tell eṣ-Ṣâfi/Gath

Horwitz, Liora Kolska; Lev-Tov, Justin; Chadwick, Jeffrey R.; Wimmer, Stefan Jakob; Maeir, Aren M.

doi:10.1086/nea25067669

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Despite the abundance of evidence for craft industries, particularly ceramic vessels that are well preserved in the archaeological record, little research has been dedicated to determining the scale at which these industries were organized or the degree to which producers were attached to state bureaucracies or other economic sectors (e.g., agriculture) (sensu Costin 1991). A surprising dearth of excavated workshops is but one barrier to answering these and related questions (but see Bunimovitz and Lederman 2012;Eliyahu-Behar et al 2012;Horwitz et al 2006;Pritchard 1975). In fact, many luxury objects have been recovered well outside the Levant, in elite contexts in Mesopotamia and the Aegean, which attests to their desirability on the international market (Feldman 2014).…”

Section: Iron Age II Economiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembling the Iron Age Levant: The Archaeology of Communities, Polities, and Imperial Peripheries

Porter

2016

J Archaeol Res

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Archaeological research on the Iron Age (1200-500 BC) Levant, a narrow strip of land bounded by the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Desert, has been balkanized into smaller culture historical zones structured by modern national borders and disciplinary schools. One consequence of this division has been an inability to articulate broader research themes that span the wider region. This article reviews scholarly debates over the past two decades and identifies shared research interests in issues such as ethnogenesis, the development of territorial polities, economic intensification, and divergent responses to imperial interventions. The broader contributions that Iron Age Levantine archaeology offers global archaeological inquiry become apparent when the evidence from different corners of the region is assembled.

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Section: Iron Age II Economiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assembling the Iron Age Levant: The Archaeology of Communities, Polities, and Imperial Peripheries

Porter

2016

J Archaeol Res

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“…Working places or activity areas are virtually unknown in the Bronze Age Levant, with the exception of an workshop discovered at Tell Sakka, and rooms possibly devoted to ivory working in the Northern Palace at Ebla and in the palace of Alalakh VII (see infra) dating to the Middle Bronze Age. Some possible bone workplaces have been also identified in the Southern Levant (Megiddo, Ashkelon, and Tell es-Safi/Gat), dating to later periods (Gadot and Yasur-Landau 2006;Horwitz et al 2006;Maeir et al 2009). In this context, bone and ivory items from Tell Mardikh-Ebla offer the possibility of evaluating this production in a urban centre of the northern Levant during the final and most flourishing period of the Early Bronze Age (c. 2500-2300/2200 BC), and to follow its development during the renewal of urbanization in the Middle Bronze Age, the so-called 'Amorite period ' (c. 2000' (c. -1650' (c. /1600.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone and ivory manufacturing at Ebla (Syria) during the Early and Middle Bronze Age (c.2500–1600 BC)

Peyronel

2016

Levant

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The corpus of bone tools and other objects from Tell Mardikh-Ebla constitutes a basis for studying the role and development of bone working at this urban centre between 2500 BC and 1600 BC. A preliminary assessment of bone artefact production that takes into account typology, distribution, and relation with other broad functional classes of items is presented, underlining trends and changes over time. During the Early Bronze Age III-IV a specific local production is attested through decorated bone sticks/pins. Decorated tubes are documented by three exemplars, showing that this kind of bone artefact -widespread in the Levant and Anatolia -was also present at Ebla. Bone tools were also widely used. Craft workers producing figurative and patterned inlays and beads preferred other materials, such as semi-precious stones and shell. A trend towards a dichotomy between the highlyspecialized manufacture of valuable objects, such as inlays and incrustations linked to the ivory industry, and the production of tools that seem to have been focused upon spinning and weaving activities is evident during the Middle Bronze Age, when the number of bone tools decreased sharply. 1The animal bones were identified by Claudia Minniti of University of Salento, zooarchaeologist of the Ebla Expedition, who I sincerely thank; the identification of the ivory inlays from the Northern Palace was done by Barbara Wilkens.

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A Bone Projectile Point and Its Possibly Associated Workshop from the Iron Age IIA of Tell eṣ-Ṣafi/Gath

Horwitz¹,

Eniukhina²,

Kehati³

et al. 2021

Near Eastern Archaeology

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Working Bones: A Unique Iron Age IIA Bone Workshop from Tell eṣ-Ṣâfi/Gath

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Assembling the Iron Age Levant: The Archaeology of Communities, Polities, and Imperial Peripheries

Assembling the Iron Age Levant: The Archaeology of Communities, Polities, and Imperial Peripheries

Bone and ivory manufacturing at Ebla (Syria) during the Early and Middle Bronze Age (c.2500–1600 BC)

A Bone Projectile Point and Its Possibly Associated Workshop from the Iron Age IIA of Tell eṣ-Ṣafi/Gath

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