Workflow for data evaluation during basic calibration of combustion engines

Niedernolte, H.; Klöpper, Florian; Mitterer, Alexander; Schwarzer, F.

doi:10.1109/cacsd-cca-isic.2006.4776957

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…So, the maps were smoothened by eliminating the surface peaks without considering the engine operation. In some other references, such as, Nishio et al, 16 Niedernolte et al, 17 Poland et al, 18 and Nikzadfar and Shamekhi 19 the smoothness condition was satisfied by limiting the allowable operating range of each parameter relative to their neighborhood. In this paper, a method is proposed to determine the direction and value of smoothness so that the control parameters are chosen at the minimum distance of the main optimal value.…”

Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic smooth map generation of internal combustion engines via local-global model based calibration technique

Soltanalizadeh,

Esfahanian,

Haeri Yazdi

et al. 2024

International Journal of Engine Research

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The addition of new sensors and actuators to the engine, to reduce fuel consumption and emissions besides improving the engine operation, complicates the control commands stored in the engine control unit (ECU). Substitution of mechanical actuators with electronic ones increases the engine’s degrees of freedom and the number of control parameters, which results in the increased engine calibration time and cost. The aim of this paper is to take advantage of optimization techniques to achieve optimal values of control parameters in a fast and automated way. In this regard, it requires replacing the real engine with the virtual model and implementing the model-based calibration by coupling the virtual engine model with optimization algorithms. In this study, deep neural network (DNN) modeling and genetic algorithm (GA, NSGA-II) optimization are used for model-based calibration. The effect of all input control parameters, including ignition angle, continuously variable valve timing, etc., on all output control parameters including, brake-specific fuel consumption, emissions level, knock limit, combustion stability, etc., are investigated simultaneously by a valid global model, which is a remarkable achievement in the model-based calibration. Dynamic lag of some actuators delays the execution of control commands sent from ECU. To avoid abrupt variations in the actuators values, smoothness of the engine maps is considered in the calibration process. To reduce fuel consumption, decrease emission levels and attain smooth maps, the calibration of control parameters is performed by local-multi-objective optimization and global-single-objective optimization. Local-global model-based calibration presented in this study reduces 3.7% of the brake-specific fuel consumption and 7%–10% of emissions level at breakpoints of the engine map compared to manual calibration. In addition, the calibration time and costs while producing better engine performance can be reduced by automating the calibration process. Finally, calibrated maps are stored as a lookup table (LUT) in ECU. Generating an optimal lookup table involves the pre-calculation of several points that cover the calculation domain and allow the interpolation for other points. Selecting the optimal points for exact calculation is of great importance in the size and accuracy of LUT. In this study, an optimization tool is also presented to generate accurate and efficient LUT.

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Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic smooth map generation of internal combustion engines via local-global model based calibration technique

Soltanalizadeh,

Esfahanian,

Haeri Yazdi

et al. 2024

International Journal of Engine Research

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“…The authors propose to reduce the Gaussian curvature of the optimal calibration maps in order to obtain smoother maps. In the articles by Nishio et al 9 and Niedernolte et al, 10 a constraint in the step size for each parameter is applied to generate drivable calibration maps. However, some loss of optimality has been shown by the authors in terms of engine performance due to the manual elimination of the peaks in the map.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variable smoothing of optimal diesel engine calibration for improved performance and drivability during transient operation

Pandey

Dooren

Ritzmann

et al. 2020

International Journal of Engine Research

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The model-based method to define the optimal calibration maps for important diesel engine parameters may involve three major steps. First, the engine speed and load domain – in which the engine is operated – are identified. Then, a global engine model is created, which can be used for offline simulations to estimate engine performance. Finally, optimal calibration maps are obtained by formulating and solving an optimisation problem, with the goal of minimising fuel consumption while meeting constraints on pollutant emissions. This last step in the calibration process usually involves smoothing of the maps in order to improve drivability. This article presents a method to trade off map smoothness, brake-specific fuel consumption and nitrogen oxide emissions. After calculating the optimal but potentially non-smooth calibration maps, a variation-based smoothing method is employed to obtain different levels of smoothness by adapting a single tuning parameter. The method was experimentally validated on a heavy-duty diesel engine, and the non-road transient cycle was used as a case study. The error between the reference and actual engine torque was used as a metric for drivability, and the error was found to decrease with increasing map smoothness. After having obtained this trade-off for various fixed levels of smoothness, a time-varying smoothness calibration was generated and tested. Experimental results showed that, with a time-varying smoothness strategy, nitrogen oxide emissions could be reduced by 4%, while achieving the same drivability and fuel consumption as in the case of a fixed smoothing strategy.

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“…However, the practical constraints are imposed by drivability, smooth transitions during acceleration to full load, no jerking at any operating point, engine start and off behavior, and switching operations. Additional constraints such as smoothness and gradient of maps may be directly given by a human expert [16]. Current ECU has a basic map (e.g., target boost pressure, fresh air mass,) and correction function to realize the optimal behavior in transient engine operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal calibration scheme for map-based control of diesel engines

Nishio

Murata

Yamaya

et al. 2018

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

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Map-based control has the advantage of a simple control structure. However, in the case of a complex plant, calibrating the map is difficult. Calibration methodology using plant model is increasing in engine calibration industries. However, the models are for steady-state operation and cannot simulate at transient operation well. This study introduces the dynamic empirical model and applies the transient corrective function of an electronic control unit to simulate more realistic behavior. The optimization problem for calibrating maps of diesel engines is constructed, and the formulation of cost function and constraints is discussed. Consequently, the proposed calibration scheme can find an optimal map in satisfied constraints. Finally, the optimized maps are validated using mass production diesel engines.

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Workflow for data evaluation during basic calibration of combustion engines

Cited by 4 publications

References 6 publications

Automatic smooth map generation of internal combustion engines via local-global model based calibration technique

Automatic smooth map generation of internal combustion engines via local-global model based calibration technique

Variable smoothing of optimal diesel engine calibration for improved performance and drivability during transient operation

Optimal calibration scheme for map-based control of diesel engines

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