Variable smoothing of optimal diesel engine calibration for improved performance and drivability during transient operation

Pandey, Varun; Dooren, Stijn van; Ritzmann, Johannes; Plá, Benjamín; Onder, Christopher H.

doi:10.1177/1468087420918801

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…13,14 In this regard, researchers propose various methods. For example, Isermann 2 and Pandey et al 15 profited from the regularization relation after determining the optimal values of each OP and generating the surface of the maps. So, the maps were smoothened by eliminating the surface peaks without considering the engine operation.…”

Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic smooth map generation of internal combustion engines via local-global model based calibration technique

Soltanalizadeh,

Esfahanian,

Haeri Yazdi

et al. 2024

International Journal of Engine Research

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The addition of new sensors and actuators to the engine, to reduce fuel consumption and emissions besides improving the engine operation, complicates the control commands stored in the engine control unit (ECU). Substitution of mechanical actuators with electronic ones increases the engine’s degrees of freedom and the number of control parameters, which results in the increased engine calibration time and cost. The aim of this paper is to take advantage of optimization techniques to achieve optimal values of control parameters in a fast and automated way. In this regard, it requires replacing the real engine with the virtual model and implementing the model-based calibration by coupling the virtual engine model with optimization algorithms. In this study, deep neural network (DNN) modeling and genetic algorithm (GA, NSGA-II) optimization are used for model-based calibration. The effect of all input control parameters, including ignition angle, continuously variable valve timing, etc., on all output control parameters including, brake-specific fuel consumption, emissions level, knock limit, combustion stability, etc., are investigated simultaneously by a valid global model, which is a remarkable achievement in the model-based calibration. Dynamic lag of some actuators delays the execution of control commands sent from ECU. To avoid abrupt variations in the actuators values, smoothness of the engine maps is considered in the calibration process. To reduce fuel consumption, decrease emission levels and attain smooth maps, the calibration of control parameters is performed by local-multi-objective optimization and global-single-objective optimization. Local-global model-based calibration presented in this study reduces 3.7% of the brake-specific fuel consumption and 7%–10% of emissions level at breakpoints of the engine map compared to manual calibration. In addition, the calibration time and costs while producing better engine performance can be reduced by automating the calibration process. Finally, calibrated maps are stored as a lookup table (LUT) in ECU. Generating an optimal lookup table involves the pre-calculation of several points that cover the calculation domain and allow the interpolation for other points. Selecting the optimal points for exact calculation is of great importance in the size and accuracy of LUT. In this study, an optimization tool is also presented to generate accurate and efficient LUT.

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Section: Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic smooth map generation of internal combustion engines via local-global model based calibration technique

Soltanalizadeh,

Esfahanian,

Haeri Yazdi

et al. 2024

International Journal of Engine Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this work, look-up tables mapping the Pareto-optimal operation, given by (ω e , T e , ϑ, J rot Hd , J rot NO x ), to the engine control inputs ϕ soi , p rail , u vgt , u egr , and u flap are used. These look-up tables were obtained according to the procedure presented in [31]. Thereby an optimization problem was solved that finds a trade-off between how close the resulting engine operation is to the Pareto front and the smoothness of the engine control input look-up tables.…”

Section: Identify Low-level Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thereby an optimization problem was solved that finds a trade-off between how close the resulting engine operation is to the Pareto front and the smoothness of the engine control input look-up tables. In [31], a penalty on the deviation of the inputs from those on the Pareto front was used in the objective, whereas in this work the deviation of the outputs from those on the Pareto front was penalized. This has the advantage that, if the outputs are insensitive to a certain input, this input is smoothed considerably without any deterioration of the overall performance.…”

Section: Identify Low-level Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Integrated Emission Management through Variable Engine Calibration

Ritzmann

Chinellato²,

Hütter³

et al. 2021

Energies

Self Cite

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In this work, the potential for improving the trade-off between fuel consumption and tailpipe NOx emissions through variable engine calibration (VEC) is demonstrated for both conventional and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). First, a preoptimization procedure for the engine operation is proposed to address the challenge posed by the large number of engine control inputs. By excluding infeasible and suboptimal operation offline, an engine model is developed that can be evaluated efficiently during online optimization. Next, dynamic programming is used to find the optimal trade-off between fuel consumption and tailpipe NOx emissions for various vehicle configurations and driving missions. Simulation results show that for a conventional vehicle equipped with VEC and gear optimization run on the worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC), the fuel consumption can be reduced by 5.4% at equivalent NOx emissions. At equivalent fuel consumption, the NOx emissions can be reduced by 80%. For an HEV, the introduction of VEC, in addition to the optimization of the torque split and the gear selection, drastically extended the achievable trade-off between fuel consumption and tailpipe NOx emissions in simulations. Most notably, the region with very low NOx emissions could only be reached with VEC.

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“…10 Consequently, validated models that simulate vehicle longitudinal dynamics for real world mission profiles or driving cycles are used to calculate the operating point of the powertrain. 11,12 To that aim, the current study aims also to apply the mission profiles at vehicle simulation models and demonstrate the potential of a simulation-based assessment approach.…”

Section: Background and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment and design of real world driving cycles targeted to the calibration of vehicles with electrified powertrain

Doulgeris

Toumasatos

Prati³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Engine Research

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Vehicles’ powertrain electrification is one of the key measures adopted by manufacturers in order to develop low emissions vehicles and reduce the CO2 emissions from passenger cars. High complexity of electrified powertrains increases the demand of cost-effective tools that can be used during the design of such powertrain architectures. Objective of the study is the proposal of a series of real-world velocity profiles that can be used during virtual design. To that aim, using three state of the art plug-in hybrid vehicles, a combined experimental, and simulation approach is followed to derive generic real-world cycles that can be used for the evaluation of the overall energy efficiency of electrified powertrains. The vehicles were tested under standard real driving emissions routes, real-world routes with reversed order (compared to a standard real driving emissions route) of urban, rural, motorway, and routes with high slope variation. To enhance the experimental activities, additional virtual mission profiles simulated using vehicle simulation models. Outcome of the study consists of specific driving cycles, designed based on standard real-world route, and a methodology for real-world data analysis and evaluation, along with the results from the assessment of the impact of different operational parameters on the total electrified powertrain.

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Variable smoothing of optimal diesel engine calibration for improved performance and drivability during transient operation

Cited by 6 publications

References 20 publications

Automatic smooth map generation of internal combustion engines via local-global model based calibration technique

Automatic smooth map generation of internal combustion engines via local-global model based calibration technique

Optimal Integrated Emission Management through Variable Engine Calibration

Assessment and design of real world driving cycles targeted to the calibration of vehicles with electrified powertrain

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