Workaholism, sex, and sex role stereotyping among female professionals

Doerfler, Marie Christine; Kammer, Phyllis Post

doi:10.1007/bf00287455

Cited by 61 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For instance, using the WorkBat, Burke (2000) found 16% of workaholics in a sample of professional managers (i.e., individuals with high drive, low enjoyment, and high involvement). Psychologists, medical doctors, and lawyers are also occupations reporting high levels of workaholism (up to 23%) (Doerfl er & Kammer, 1986). It should be highlighted that until authors defi ne and assess work addiction in a consistent way using widely validated instruments, any prevalence estimate can only offer an approximation to the real size of the problem.…”

Section: Prevalence Of Workaholismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction to Work: A Critical Review of the Workaholism Construct and Recommendations for Assessment

Quiñones¹,

Griffiths²

2015

J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv

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Workaholism was fi rst conceptualized in the early 1970s as a behavioral addiction, featuring compulsive use and interpersonal confl ict. The current article briefl y examines the empirical and theoretical literature over the past four decades. In relation to conceptualization and measurement, how the concept of workaholism has worsened from using dimensions based on anecdotal evidence, ad-hoc measures with weak theoretical foundation, and poor factorial validity of multidimensional conceptualizations is highlighted. Benefi ts of building on the addiction literature to conceptualize workaholism are presented (including the only instrument that has used core addiction criteria: the Bergen Work Addiction Scale). Problems estimating accurate prevalence estimates of work addiction are also presented. Individual and sociocultural risk factors, and the negative consequences of workaholism from the addiction perspective (e.g., depression, burnout, poor health, life dissatisfaction, family/relationship problems) are discussed. The current article summarizes how current research can be used to evaluate workaholism by psychiatric-mental health nurses in clinical practice, including primary care and mental health settings.

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Section: Prevalence Of Workaholismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addiction to Work: A Critical Review of the Workaholism Construct and Recommendations for Assessment

Quiñones¹,

Griffiths²

2015

J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv

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“…Among large samples, the prevalence of workaholism has been found to be approximately 5%-17.5% (Burke, 1999(Burke, , 2000Cook, 1987;Machlowitz, 1980;MacLaren & Best, 2010). Studies with small samples and/or among particular types of work (e.g., female attorneys, medics, and psychologists/therapists) have reported prevalence rates as high as 25% (e.g., Doerfler & Kammer, 1986;Freimuth et al, 2008;Killinger, 1992;Porter, 1996). A recent review by Sussman, Lisha and Griffiths (2011) tentatively estimated a 10% prevalence of workaholism among the U.S. adult working population.…”

Section: Workaholism As An Addictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contextualising over-engagement in work: Towards a more global understanding of workaholism as an addiction

Griffiths¹,

Karanika‐Murray²

2012

Journal of Behavioral Addictions

102

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Purpose: Despite increasing empirical research into workaholism, no single definition or conceptualisation has emerged, and current understandings of workaholism are arguably problematic. The primary purpose of this paper is to clarify some of these issues, by defining and contextualising over-engagement in work that leads to severe negative consequences (i.e., workaholism) as a genuine behavioural addiction. Approach: By conceptualising work behaviours as manifestations of behavioural engagement and placing them on a continuum from withdrawal/under-engagement (e.g., persistent absenteeism) to over-engagement (e.g., work conflicting with all other activity), this paper argues that workaholism is an extreme negative aspect of behavioural engagement. It then examines the extent to which workaholism can be viewed as a genuine addiction by using criteria applied to other more traditional behavioural addictions (e.g., gambling addiction, exercise addiction), before briefly outlining an approach towards a more global understanding of workaholism. Findings: The framework presented here helps to contextualise over-engagement to work as a genuine addiction. It presents more comprehensive understanding of workaholism that takes into account the individual factors of the employee, situational factors of the working environment, and structural factors of the work activity itself. It provides theoretically derived links between workaholism and other work behaviours that can be empirically demonstrated. Practical implications: Viewing workaholism as an addiction that comprises extreme and prolonged behavioural over-engagement can be invaluable for promoting healthy work engagement. A clearer understanding of the underpinnings of workaholism can allow for a better assessment and management by practitioners. Originality/value: This paper is one the first to contextualise workaholism in relation to other work behaviours, conceptualise it as a genuine behavioural addiction, and to apply clinical criteria for addiction to understand workaholism as prolonged and extreme behavioural engagement.

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“…Doerfler and Kammer (1986) investigated the workaholism from the perspective of gender and sex role orientation in which the largest percentage of unmarried workaholics were female, and with regard to role orientation, the female workaholics reported more characteristics that were considered masculine or androgynous. Spence and Robbins (1992) used a collection of measures to compare men and women in academia on the basis of their relationship to their work, along with corollary behaviors and health issues.…”

Section: The Good/bad Workaholicmentioning

confidence: 99%