“…The practical insight from this theory is that, although it may be difficult to remove from clergy experience the factors that generate negative affect, good pastoral oversight can facilitate the development of factors that support positive affect. The validity of this theory has now been established in a series of studies among 744 clergy serving in the Presbyterian Church USA (Francis, Village, Robbins and Wulff, 2011), 155 Catholic priests serving in Italy , 95 Catholic priests and 61 Catholic religious sisters serving in Italy , 358 Anglican clergy serving in Wales (Village, Payne and Francis, 2018), 90 Anglican clergy serving in England (Francis, Laycock and Ratter, 2019), 287 Catholic priests serving in Italy (Francis Crea, and Laycock, 2021), and 803 Methodist ministers serving in Great Britain (Francis, Village and Haley, 2023).…”