Work function of MgO single crystals from ion-induced secondary electron emission coefficient

Lim, Jae Yong; Oh, J.S.; Ko, Byung Doc; Cho, Jae Won; Kang, Seung Oun; Cho, Guangsup; Uhm, Han S.; Choi, Eun Ha

doi:10.1063/1.1581376

Cited by 90 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In view of the close relationship between _ VO 2 max and performance in rowing (Secher et al 1982), it was of interest to investigate whether this performance was related to a preservation of _ VO 2 max , in contradiction with what was suggested by most studies (Donato et al 2003;Evans et al 1995;Jones 1998;Padilla et al 2000;Tanaka and Seals 1997), or if alternatively it accounted for improvement of any other physiological ability underlying rowing performance, which compensated for the decrease in _ VO 2 max . The main purpose of the present study was thus to describe physiological changes in an individual rower over a 10-year period spanning ages 26 to 36, including a 6-year international competition period during which he obtained six medals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Physiological correlates of performance. Case study of a world-class rower

2009

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This report describes the changes in physiological capacity of a heavy-weight rower who obtained seven medals in World Championships and Olympic Games. The investigation was carried out over the last 6 years of the rower's international competition career in comparison with peer champions, and the following 4 years. Over the first period, maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2max)) remained above 6 l min(-1) which is an outstanding value. The training load measured over the last 18 months of the period increased from 119 to 142 km wk(-1) of rowing. Four years after the international competition period, VO(2max) had only declined by 3.6% although the training load had declined by 35%. These data suggest that the ability of this rower to compete at top level for years was related to ability to maintain an outstanding VO(2max). Gross efficiency and ability to rely on anaerobic glycolysis did not emerge as relevant factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Physiological correlates of performance. Case study of a world-class rower

2009

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“…Recent studies reported that the age-related decline in freestyle swimming performance depended on both the race distance and the sex of the athletes (Donato et al 2003; Tanaka and Seals 1997). For example, it has been shown that, firstly, the age-related decline in freestyle swimming performance was greater for 1,500 m than for 50 m, and, secondly, this decline was more pronounced for women than for men in 50 m (Donato et al 2003; Tanaka and Seals 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, it has been shown that, firstly, the age-related decline in freestyle swimming performance was greater for 1,500 m than for 50 m, and, secondly, this decline was more pronounced for women than for men in 50 m (Donato et al 2003; Tanaka and Seals 1997). In women, the decline in swimming performance with advancing age from the 19- to 24-years to the 69- to 74-years age groups became progressively greater from the shortest distance ( i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these reports for freestyle pool swimmers are based upon rather old data from 1896–1980 (Schulz and Curnow 1988), 1988–1999 (Donato et al 2003), 1991–1995 (Tanaka and Seals 1997) and 1993–2001 (Fairbrother 2007). Moreover, these studies did not include the age group 10–19 years since Donato et al ( 2003) investigated athletes aged from 19–85 years, Fairbrother ( 2007) from 19–96 years and Tanaka and Seals ( 1997) from 19–99 years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, these studies did not include the age group 10–19 years since Donato et al ( 2003) investigated athletes aged from 19–85 years, Fairbrother ( 2007) from 19–96 years and Tanaka and Seals ( 1997) from 19–99 years. Regarding the sex difference in freestyle pool swimming, Tanaka and Seals ( 1997) reported that the sex differences were greatest for 50 m and 100 m freestyle and decreased with increasing race distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex difference in age and performance in elite Swiss freestyle swimmers competing from 50 m to 1,500 m

Rüst

Rosemann

Knechtle³

2014

SpringerPlus

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Recent studies reported different ages for peak freestyle swimming performances for 50 m and 1,500 m. The aims of the present study were (i) to determine the age of peak freestyle swimming speed for distances including 50 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m, 800 m, and 1,500 m and to (ii) analyze the sex difference in peak freestyle swimming speed for all distances between 50 m and 1,500 m for elite female and male swimmers competing at national level. Data from the ‘Swiss Swimming Federation’ between 2006 and 2010 from 10,405 men and 9,552 women were analyzed using regression analyses and analyses of variance (ANOVA). Women achieved peak freestyle swimming speed at ~20–21 years from 50 m to 400 m, at ~24–25 years in 1,500 m and at ~25–27 years in 800 m. In men, the age of peak freestyle swimming speed varied between ~22–23 years and ~25–27 years for 50 m to 1,500 m. Between the age of 10 and 29 years, the sex difference in freestyle swimming speed increased from 2.2 ± 0.4% to 19.0 ± 6.7% in 50 m (r2 = 0.87, P < 0.001), from 2.4 ± 0.7% to 10.8 ± 2.8% in 100 m (r2 = 0.67, P = 0.004) and from 3.6 ± 1.9% to 10.2 ± 3.4% in 200 m (r2 = 0.60, P = 0.008). In 400 m (r2 = 0.24), 800 m (r2 = 0.39) and 1,500 m (r2 = 0.34), the sex difference showed no changes (P > 0.05) with 6.9 ± 3.0%, 5.8 ± 3.5%, and 9.7 ± 8.6%, respectively. The sex difference in freestyle swimming speed showed no change with increasing race distance (r2 = 0.12, P > 0.05). To summarize, the age of peak freestyle swimming speed increased for women with the length of the race distance from 50 m to 200 m, but not from 400 m to 1,500 m. For men, the age of peak freestyle swimming speed varied between ~22–23 years and ~25–27 years from 50 m to 1,500 m. The sex difference in freestyle swimming speed of 9.1 ± 2.5% showed no change with increasing race distance. Future studies need to confirm these findings in elite swimmers competing at international level such as the World Championships and the Olympic Games.

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Conductive and Stable Magnesium Oxide Electron‐Selective Contacts for Efficient Silicon Solar Cells

Wan

Samundsett

Bullock

et al. 2016

Advanced Energy Materials

190

180

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A high Schottky barrier (> 0.65 eV) for electrons is typically found on lightly doped n-type crystalline (c-Si) wafers for a variety of contact metals. This behaviour is commonly attributed to the Fermi-level pinning effect and has hindered the development of n-type c-Si solar cells, whilst its p-type counterparts have been commercialised for several decades, typically utilising aluminium alloys in full-area, and more recently, partial-area rear contact configurations. Here we demonstrate a highly conductive and thermally stable electrode composed of a magnesium oxide / aluminium (MgO x /Al) contact, achieving moderately low resistivity Ohmic contacts on lightly doped n-type c-Si. The electrode, functionalized with nanoscale MgO x films, significantly enhances the performance of n-type c-Si solar cells to a power conversion efficiency of 20%, advancing n-type c-Si solar cells with full-area dopantfree rear contacts to a point of competitiveness with the standard p-type architecture. The low thermal budget of the cathode formation, its dopant-free nature, and the simplicity of the device structure enabled by the MgO x /Al contact open up new possibilities in designing and fabricating low-cost optoelectronic devices, including solar cells, thin film transistors or light emitting diodes.

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Work function of MgO single crystals from ion-induced secondary electron emission coefficient

Cited by 90 publications

References 12 publications

Physiological correlates of performance. Case study of a world-class rower

Physiological correlates of performance. Case study of a world-class rower

Sex difference in age and performance in elite Swiss freestyle swimmers competing from 50 m to 1,500 m

Conductive and Stable Magnesium Oxide Electron‐Selective Contacts for Efficient Silicon Solar Cells

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