Work Demands-Burnout and Job Engagement-Job Satisfaction Relationships: Teamwork as a Mediator and Moderator

Abstract

BACKGROUND:Few studies have examined teamwork as mediator and moderator of work demands-burnout and job engagement-job satisfaction relationships in healthcare workers (HCWs) in South-East Europe.AIM:To assess mediation and moderation effect of teamwork on the relationship between independent (work demands or job engagement) and dependent (burnout or job satisfaction) variables.METHODS:Work demands, burnout, job engagement, and job satisfaction were measured with Hospital Experience Scale, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and Job Satisfaction Survey, respectively. Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture was used for assessment of teamwork. In order to examine role of teamwork as a mediating variable we fit series of regression models for burnout and job satisfaction. We also fit regression models predicting outcome (burnout or job satisfaction) from predictor (work demands or job engagement) and moderator (teamwork) variable.RESULTS:Teamwork was partial mediator of work demands-burnout relationship and full mediator of job engagement-job satisfaction relationship. We found that only job engagement-job satisfaction relationship was moderated by teamwork.CONCLUSIONS:Occupational health services should target detection of burnout in HCWs and implementation of organizational interventions in hospitals, taking into account findings that teamwork predicted reduced burnout and higher job satisfaction.

Job Demands, Burnout, and Teamwork in Healthcare Professionals Working in a General Hospital that Was Analysed At Two Points in Time

“…For example, Vahey DC et al registered an average score of emotional exhaustion - 24.3 and an average score of depersonalization - 7.4 in nurses from 40 units in 20 urban hospitals across the United States [ 31 ]. Similarly, low mean values of both burnout dimensions were also registered in HPs in other studies conducted in R. Macedonia [ 29 ][ 30 ][ 32 ][ 33 ]. In a study conducted in HPs from seven South and South - Eastern European countries, adopting a cross-national approach, Macedonian HPs demonstrated levels of emotional exhaustion (EE) and depersonalization (DP) in the lower end of the average EE and DP scores [ 34 ].…”

“…Different studies have shown that teamwork predicted lower levels of burnout. The more that HPs experienced teamwork, the less they felt burnt out [ 15 ] [ 17 ] [ 32 ].…”

“…However, the levels of burnout significantly increased from 2011 to 2014. These findings could be explained the results of mediation and moderation analyses showing that teamwork had stronger effects on the relationship job engagement - job satisfaction than on the relationship job demands - burnout [ 32 ]. In other words, in the analysed hospital context, teamwork has failed to decrease the effect of the job demands on burnout.…”

Work motivation and job satisfaction of healthcare professionals in the Vojvodina, Serbia

“…Istraživanja u svetu su pokazala da su za osećaj zadovoljstva zdravstvenih radnika poslom značajni mnogobrojni faktori, kao što su: pol, starost, nivo obrazovanja, dužina radnog staža, mesto zaposlenja, novčani iznos mesečne zarade, način organizacije posla, sigurnost zaposlenja, autonomija prilikom obavljanja posla, mogućnost usavršavanja, uslovi rada, podrška od strane nadređenog, radno vreme, kooperativna radna atmosfera, mogućnost napredovanja i slično (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

“…Isto istraživanje pokazuje da su medicinske sestre/ tehničari koji imaju mogućnost edukacije (pohađanje seminara i kongresa) zadovoljniji svojim poslom. Studija Mijakoskog i saradnika (13), sprovedena u zdravstvenoj ustanovi u Skoplju, ukazuje da osećaj timskog rada dovodi do većeg zadovoljstva zdravstvenih radnika poslom po pitanju adekvatnosti planiranja rada, radnih uslova, sigurnosti posla, dobijanja pohvala od strane rukovodioca za dobro obavljen posao, podrške na poslu koju im pružaju nadređeni, mogućnosti stručnog usavršavanja, visine finansijske nadoknade za rad i beneficija. Rezultati istraživanja Sindikata doktora medicine Crne Gore pokazuju da interesantan i kreativan posao, dobri odnosi sa rukovodiocima i kolegama na poslu, visoka plata, autonomija prilikom obavljanja posla, mogućnost napredovanja i sigurnost posla predstavljaju najčešće faktore zadovoljstva poslom lekara zaposlenih u zdravstvenim ustanovama u Crnoj Gori (14).…”