Work and Family: Marriage, Children, Child Gender and the Work Hours and Earnings of West German Men

Choi, Hyung-Jai; Lundberg, Shelly; Joesch, Jutta M.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.822878

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…For example, after having a baby, mothers often decrease their paid working hours and increase the time they spend on care tasks at home (Nomaguchi & Milkie, 2003 ; Paull, 2008 ). Fathers, on the other hand, hardly change their time allocation or even tend to increase their working hours (Choi et al, 2005 ; Kaufman & Uhlenberg, 2000 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When work–family guilt becomes a women's issue: Internalized gender stereotypes predict high guilt in working mothers but low guilt in working fathers

Aarntzen

Derks

Steenbergen

et al. 2022

British J Social Psychol

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Gender stereotypes prescribe mothers, but not fathers, to prioritize their family over their work. Therefore, internalization of gender stereotypes may predict higher guilt among mothers than fathers in situations in which they prioritize their work over their family. Study 1 (135 mothers and 116 fathers) indeed revealed that the stronger fathers' implicit gender stereotypes (measured with a gender-career implicit association task) the less guilt fathers reported in a fictitious work-interfering-with-family situation. Although mothers on average reported higher guilt than fathers, this effect was not moderated by their implicit gender stereotypes. Study 2 (daily diary study among 105 mothers), however, did reveal evidence for the moderating effect of implicit gender stereotypes on working mothers' guilt. The stronger mothers' implicit gender stereotypes the more work-family conflict and guilt they reported on days that they worked long hours.These results show that implicit gender stereotypes shape how parents feel about their work-family choices.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

When work–family guilt becomes a women's issue: Internalized gender stereotypes predict high guilt in working mothers but low guilt in working fathers

Aarntzen

Derks

Steenbergen

et al. 2022

British J Social Psychol

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show abstract

“…Similarly, the Bayesian network in Fig. 3 predicts dependencies between education and salary [29], marital status and salary [30], occupation and race [31], and marital status and number of hours of worked per week [32]. The dependencies between race and native country, occupation and class of work, and salary and hours of work are obvious by definition and simple arithmetic respectively.…”

Section: Adult Datasetmentioning

confidence: 94%

A Traveling Salesman Learns Bayesian Networks

Sahai,

Klus,

Dellnitz

2012

Preprint

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Structure learning of Bayesian networks is an important problem that arises in numerous machine learning applications. In this work, we present a novel approach for learning the structure of Bayesian networks using the solution of an appropriately constructed traveling salesman problem. In our approach, one computes an optimal ordering (partially ordered set) of random variables using methods for the traveling salesman problem. This ordering significantly reduces the search space for the subsequent greedy optimization that computes the final structure of the Bayesian network. We demonstrate our approach of learning Bayesian networks on real world census and weather datasets. In both cases, we demonstrate that the approach very accurately captures dependencies between random variables. We check the accuracy of the predictions based on independent studies in both application domains.

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“…Masa bapa bersama anak lelaki lebih produktif daripada anak perempuan. Masa bekerja bapa akan berkurang kerana masa dihabiskan bersama anak lelaki (Hyung et al 2005). Kelahiran anak lelaki mengurangkan masa bekerja bapa sepanjang tiga tahun selepas kelahirannya berbanding anak perempuan.…”

Section: E) Pekerjaan Ibu Bapaunclassified

Penilaian Pandangan Pelajar Keatas Perbezaan Layanan Ibu Bapa Terhadap Anak Lelaki Dan Anak Perempuan

2008

Personalia

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Pandangan pelajar keatas isu sosial seperti perbezaan layanan ibu bapa terhadap anak lelaki dan anak perempuan adalah menarik untuk dibincangkan. Kajian keatas pandangan pelajar ini adalah penting dengan mengambil kira bahawa pelajar mempunyai peranan bukan sahaja sebagai seorang ilmuan yang menilai persekitaran sosialnya tetapi juga mempunyai peranan sebagai anak di keluarga mereka masing-masing. Namun demikian, penilaian keatas isu perbezaan layanan ibu bapa terhadap anak lelaki dan anak perempuan membabitkan tahap kerumitan dan subjektif yang tinggi yang bermakna tiada piawaian bagi menyukat penilaian pandangan pelajar keatas isu yang hendak dibincangkan ini. Oleh itu, kajian ini cuba mempaparkan penggunaan analisis Kawalan Lojik Kabur (KLK) yang bersifat luwes sehingga mampu menyederhanakan tahap kerumitan dan subjektif yang tinggi kepada suatu penilaian yang lebih mudah untuk difahami. Beberapa dimensi dan pembolehubah bagi keperluan kajian ini telah pun dikenalpasti. Analisis ini juga untuk menguji sejauh mana perbezaan antara perlakuan atau layanan ibu bapa dengan anak lelaki dan anak perempuan dengan lebih terperinci samada secara keseluruhan mahupun mengikut dimensi. Secara keseluruhannya keputusan menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang tidak ketara dalam layanan ibu bapa terhadap anak lelaki dan anak perempuan. Namun demikian, dapatan kajian mengikut dimensi mendapati perbezaan layanan antara ibu bapa dengan anak lelaki dan anak perempuan.

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Work and Family: Marriage, Children, Child Gender and the Work Hours and Earnings of West German Men

Cited by 8 publications

References 29 publications

When work–family guilt becomes a women's issue: Internalized gender stereotypes predict high guilt in working mothers but low guilt in working fathers

When work–family guilt becomes a women's issue: Internalized gender stereotypes predict high guilt in working mothers but low guilt in working fathers

A Traveling Salesman Learns Bayesian Networks

Penilaian Pandangan Pelajar Keatas Perbezaan Layanan Ibu Bapa Terhadap Anak Lelaki Dan Anak Perempuan

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