Wood waste decomposition in landfills: An assessment of current knowledge and implications for emissions reporting

Intergovernmental panel on climate change’s landfill methane protocol: Reviewing 20 years of application

“…The default value of DOC f = 0.5 is an average for the SWDSs and might not represent any single waste component (Wang et al, 2011). There has been some work to quantify values for individual waste components (Kim and Yi, 2009; O’Dwyer et al, 2018; Ryu, 2010; Ţugui et al, 2006; Wang et al, 2015; Ximenes et al, 2015). Table 2 includes component-specific DOC f values from modeled and measured efforts.…”

Application of enzymatic and bacterial biodelignification systems for enhanced breakdown of model lignocellulosic wastes

“…Moreover, these slow rates of gas generation after the easily-degradable matter has depleted are insufficient for energy generation or flaring, and so the biogas typically escapes into the atmosphere. As landfill biogas mainly comprises of methane and carbon dioxide, which are two major contributors to climate change (O'Dwyer et al, 2017), this is not a sustainable situation.…”

The lifecycle of wood from tropical forests in Costa Rica

“…Ximenes et al, 2015). Based on this, using the IPCC 0.5 default fraction as in this inventory, appears to overestimate losses from wood products (O'Dwyer et al, 2018).…”

“…Other than this shift towards bioenergy, the carbon reservoir in SWDS is rather stable because 1) it is rather insensitive to changes in harvest levels; 2) all products are assumed to decompose at the same rate, and; 3) there is an inert part of the stock that accumulates (Pingoud & Wagner, 2006). While all of these play a role, the fraction of decomposable degradable organic carbon (DOCf) has the largest effect, and there seems to be an agreement on the mechanisms leading to carbon storage under these conditions (Barlaz, 2006;De la Cruz et al, 2013;Micales & Skog, 1997;O'Dwyer, Walshe, & Byrne, 2018;F. A. Ximenes, Kathuria, Barlaz, & Cowie, 2018;F.…”

“…Rica because the country's electricity grid covers more than 97% of its territory, by omitting EoL data I probably overestimated the flow of wood to SWDS, as a larger fraction of wood will likely be combusted for fuel. To reduce this bias it was assumed that the decomposable fraction in SWDS is the same for wood as for all other waste types, which is known to be an overestimation (O'Dwyer et al, 2018). This is evidently not the preferred way to deal with these uncertainties, and presents us with a case where lack of data tends to be a generalized problem (Akagi et al, 2011;Bogner et al, 2008;Clavreul et al, 2012;Pingoud & Wagner, 2006;L.…”