Wood density, deposits and mineral inclusions of successional tropical dry forest species

Romero, Eunice; Dávalos-Sotelo, Raymundo; Meave, Jorge A.; Terrazas, Teresa

doi:10.1007/s10342-019-01236-9

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…[2,3,4] Second, fibrous wood with a matrix of fibers (F) in which VEs are embedded [2,5,6] and wood density similar to other dicots. [7] Third, in dimorphic wood, in the early stages of development there is a predominance of WBTs associated with VEs both with helical secondary walls, and in adult stages wood has a matrix of F and VEs with alternate or pseudoscalariform pits. [2,6] Based on a hypothesis by Carlquist, [8,9] who suggested that WBTs are modified VEs, the chemistry of the cell wall of the WBTs should be similar to the cell wall of VEs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, non‐fibrous wood, with exclusively wide‐band tracheids (WBT) and vessel elements (VEs) both with annular or helical secondary walls [2,3,4] . Second, fibrous wood with a matrix of fibers (F) in which VEs are embedded [2,5,6] and wood density similar to other dicots [7] . Third, in dimorphic wood, in the early stages of development there is a predominance of WBTs associated with VEs both with helical secondary walls, and in adult stages wood has a matrix of F and VEs with alternate or pseudoscalariform pits [2,6] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution and Chemical Composition of Lignin in Secondary Xylem of Cactaceae

Maceda

Reyes-Rivera

Soto-Hernández

et al. 2021

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Cactaceae family has heterogeneity in the accumulation of lignocellulose due to the diversity of shapes and anatomy of the wood. Most studies focus on fibrous and dimorphic species; but the non‐fibrous species are poorly studied. The aims of this work were to analyze the syringyl/guaiacyl ratio of lignin and its distribution in secondary xylem, especially in non‐fibrous species. The syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio was quantified from 34 species of cacti by nitrobenzene oxidation of free‐extractive wood. The distribution of lignocellulose in wood sections stained with safranin O/fast green was determined with epifluorescence microscopy. The S/G ratio was heterogeneous; most of the non‐fibrous species had a higher percentage of syringyl, while the fibrous ones accumulate guaiacyl. Fluorescence emission showed that vessel elements and wide‐band tracheids had similar tonalities. It is hypothesized that the presence of a higher percentage of syringyl in most cacti is part of the defense mechanism against pathogens, which together with the succulence of the stem represent adaptations that contribute to survival in their hostile environments.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Chemical Composition of Lignin in Secondary Xylem of Cactaceae

Maceda

Reyes-Rivera

Soto-Hernández

et al. 2021

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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“…However, the presence of tyloses that blocked the vessels contributed to the difficulty of treatment in Bouea, Dracontomelon, Gluta, Koordersiodendron, Melanochyla, Pentaspadon, and Swintonia, but formation of tyloses indicated these timbers as having high durability. This is supported by Dickson (2000), who reported that tyloses are correlated with the increased resistance to Dutch elm disease; tyloses assist in restricting pathogen movement (Romero et al 2020).…”

Section: Anatomical Features and Wood Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Wood anatomical features of Anacardiaceae from Malaysia

Siam

Abdullah

Uyup

et al. 2022

BioRes

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This study examined the anatomical features of Anacardiaceae from Malaysia. A total of 31 species from 13 genera of the family Anacardiaceae in Malaysia were obtained from Kepong Xylarium (KEPw), Forest Research Institute Malaysia. The genera in Anacardiaceae were distinguished based on anatomical features. The diagnostic anatomical features that were used to separate the genera are scalariform perforations plates present in Campnosperma, larger rays in Pentaspadon and Spondias, and radial canals in some genera. Mineral inclusion, i.e., crystals and silica also could be diagnostic features to distinguish the genera in Malaysian Anacardiaceae; silica was observed in Gluta, Parishia, and Swintonia. Anatomical features could be used as indicators to the other wood properties and lead to potential usage of timber in Anacardiaceae. However, the presence of druses in individual Toxicodendron succedaneum indicated its adaptation to the local microclimatic conditions.

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“…Extreme events (intense or prolonged drought and heat waves) could push one of these TDF subtypes beyond its eco-physiological threshold, thus decoupling their dynamics. We hypothesize that this is more likely to be the case for the TDF 10.3389/ffgc.2023.1082207 on limestone, as its species assemblage is adapted to more mesic conditions (Romero et al, 2019(Romero et al, , 2022, which could potentially cause massive diebacks once their climatic tipping points are surpassed (Brodribb et al, 2020;Powers et al, 2020). Ecologists need to continue making great efforts to keep and expand the longterm monitoring of these ecosystems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lithological substrates influence tropical dry forest structure, diversity, and composition, but not its dynamics

Muñoz

Enríquez²,

Bongers³

et al. 2023

Front. For. Glob. Change

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IntroductionTropical dry forests (TDF) are not only the most widespread tropical forest type but also the most threatened forest ecosystem worldwide. Yet, because their dynamics have been insufficiently studied, our knowledge about the factors responsible for the spatial and temporal variability in TDF dynamics remains very limited. In this study, we aimed (1) to assess the effects of two lithological substrates on TDF structure, diversity, and species composition, and (2) to determine whether and how these substrates affect temporal dynamics on TDF attributes.MethodsWe used information gathered through a 12-year long annual monitoring of 14 old-growth TDF permanent plots in southern Mexico, seven of which were established on limestone and seven on phyllite. Previous work shows that limestone-derived soils have higher humidity, conductivity, and phosphorous and calcium contents, but lower nitrogen content.ResultsTDF structure and diversity attributes were consistently higher on limestone TDF, while canopy height was higher on phyllite TDF. By contrast, temporal variation in TDF attributes, demographic rates (recruitment, growth, and mortality) and attribute residence times were indistinguishable between substrates. We also found a strong differentiation of species composition between substrates, yet substrates did not influence the temporal behavior of composition.DiscussionOur results suggest that limestone is a more favorable environment for TDF development (soil-effects mechanism), but the flora of the forest on phyllite seems to be better adapted to cope with harsher environmental conditions (composition-effects mechanism), which counterbalances the environmental advantage of limestone, ultimately resulting in spatially homogeneous TDF dynamics at the landscape level. Future studies should examine the role of functional attributes on old-growth TDF dynamics, as this will allow a better understanding of the impacts of extreme climatic events on forest attributes and their dynamics, as well as to foresee potential ecosystem state shifts and tipping points.

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Wood density, deposits and mineral inclusions of successional tropical dry forest species

Cited by 10 publications

References 63 publications

Distribution and Chemical Composition of Lignin in Secondary Xylem of Cactaceae

Distribution and Chemical Composition of Lignin in Secondary Xylem of Cactaceae

Wood anatomical features of Anacardiaceae from Malaysia

Lithological substrates influence tropical dry forest structure, diversity, and composition, but not its dynamics

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