Wood Composites and Their Polymer Binders

Pizzi, A.; Papadopoulos, Antonios N.; Policardi, Franco

doi:10.3390/polym12051115

Cited by 139 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 162 publications

(239 reference statements)

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“…The history of wood composites is inextricably intertwined with the history and development of the polymer binders that are used to hold them together and manufacture them. In fact, not only has it been the continuous development of new or improved binders that has allowed the development of wood composites but, as presented later in this review, it is the continual renewal, discovery, and upgrading of such binders that has paved the way to further progress in the field of wood composites [ 1 ]. It must also be pointed out that the technique used to prepare a good wood composite is the mix of two very different technologies—namely, the use of a good adhesive, hence the capacity of formulating, engineering, and preparing one; and the technology of manufacturing the composite, this being particularly true in the case of wood panels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It must also be pointed out that the technique used to prepare a good wood composite is the mix of two very different technologies—namely, the use of a good adhesive, hence the capacity of formulating, engineering, and preparing one; and the technology of manufacturing the composite, this being particularly true in the case of wood panels. Thus, to obtain a good and acceptable wood composite, a balance between these two technologies is needed [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Use of Wollastonite as a Filler in UF Resin Based Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF)

et al. 2020

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Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins are primary petroleum-based, increasing their potential environmental footprint. Identifying additives to reduce the total amount of resin needed without adversely affecting the panel properties could reduce these impacts. Wollastonite is a mineral containing calcium and silica that has been used as an additive in a variety of materials and may be useful as a resin extender. Nanoscale wollastonite has been shown to enhance the panel properties but is costly. Micron-scale wollastonite may be a less costly alternative. Medium-density fiberboards were produced by blending a hardwood furnish with UF alone, micron-sized wollastonite alone, or a 9:1 ratio of UF to wollastonite. Panels containing of only wollastonite had poor properties, but the properties of panels with 9:1 UF/wollastonite were similar to the UF-alone panels, except for the internal bond strength. The results suggest that small amounts of micron-sized wollastonite could serve as a resin extender. Further studies are suggested to determine if the micron-sized material has similar positive effects on the resin curing rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Use of Wollastonite as a Filler in UF Resin Based Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF)

et al. 2020

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“…A huge number of different MF resins with distinctly different technological properties are described in the literature. However, mostly resins intended for application as binders and glues for panel manufacturing are covered by the literature 25,28 . Consequently, the technological features studied are mainly focused on mechanical strength and hydrolytic stability of the resulting boards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response surface optimization for improving the processing behavior of melamine formaldehyde impregnation resins

Seidl

Weiss

Zikulnig-Rusch

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Melamine‐formaldehyde resins are widely used for decorative paper impregnation. Resin properties relevant for impregnation are mainly determined already at the stage of resin synthesis by the applied reaction conditions. Thus, understanding the relationship between reaction conditions and technological properties is important. Response surface methodology based on orthogonal parameter level variations is the most suitable tool to identify and quantify factor effects and deduce causal correlation patterns. Here, two major process factors of MF resin synthesis were systematically varied using such a statistical experimental design. To arrive at resins having a broad range of technological properties, initial pH and M:F ratio were varied in a wide range (pH: 7.9–12.1; M:F ratio: 1:1.5–1:4.5). The impregnation behavior of the resins was modeled using viscosity, penetration rate and residual curing capacity as technological responses. Based on the response surface models, nonlinear and synergistic action of process factors was quantified and a suitable process window for preparing resins with favorable impregnation performance was defined. It was found that low M:F ratios (~1:2–1:2.5) and comparatively high starting pHs (~pH 11) yield impregnation resins with rapid impregnation behavior and good residual curing capacity.

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“…An excellent and updated review on wood composites and the polymer binders used for their manufacture is published in this Special Issue [2]. The review focuses on the most important aspects to look out for in manufacturing excellent wood composites and on binders that currently dominate in industry.…”

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confidence: 99%