Advances in Wood Composites II

Papadopoulos, Antonios N.

doi:10.3390/polym12071552

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Thorpe and Brown [67] studied 21 hardwood species and reported the same relationship. This was also confirmed by the results of research on the influence of thermal wood modification on the size of dust particles created during sanding [68][69][70]. The decrease in wood density due to modification produces coarser dust.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Fine Dust Creation during Hardwood Machine Sanding

et al. 2021

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Wood dust generated during woodworking—particularly from hardwood species during sanding—poses a health and safety hazard to workers in the wood industry. This study aimed to determine the particle-size distribution of selected hardwood species and the content of fine particles in dust created during machine sanding, which pose the highest health and safety hazards in the woodworking industry. Six hardwood species were studied: black alder, European ash, common walnut, pedunculate oak, hornbeam, and European beech. The sieve analysis method was used to determine the particle-size distribution and article mean arithmetic particle diameter, and laser diffraction analysis was used to determine the finest particle content. Two size ranges were assumed: <2.5 μm and <10 μm. Beech dust had the smallest mean particle diameter. Dust from wood species used in the test had similar contents of fine fractions of particles. The average content of particles smaller than 2.5 µm in wood dust from the tested hardwood species did not exceed 1.9%. In terms of occupational exposure to wood dust, machine sanding conditions of hardwoods should be properly adjusted to limit the formation of large amounts of dust.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Fine Dust Creation during Hardwood Machine Sanding

et al. 2021

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“…While the wood-based panel industry, mainly for reasons of supply, is still dominated by the traditional oil-derived adhesives, both in these fields as well as in the strongly upcoming field of bio-based adhesives, there has been almost incredible progress as well as developments dictated by the intellectual ferment induced by a number of outside constraints. These are the stricter government regulations to reduce and even eliminate formaldehyde and other materials that are to some extent toxic, consumer awareness and the consequent drive of industry to favor more environment-friendly materials and, finally, the drive of industry to decrease or even eliminate their dependence on petrochemicals, due to the real or imagined future decrease of oil reserves with its consequent increase in the price of raw materials for purely traditionally manufactured wood binders [ 66 , 67 , 68 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-Friendly Fiberboard Panels from Recycled Fibers Bonded with Calcium Lignosulfonate

et al. 2021

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The potential of using residual softwood fibers from the pulp and paper industry for producing eco-friendly, zero-formaldehyde fiberboard panels, bonded with calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) as a lignin-based, formaldehyde free adhesive, was investigated in this work. Fiberboard panels were manufactured in the laboratory by applying CLS addition content ranging from 8% to 14% (on the dry fibers). The physical and mechanical properties of the developed composites, i.e., water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), as well as the free formaldehyde emission, were evaluated according to the European norms. In general, only the composites, developed with 14% CLS content, exhibited MOE and MOR values, comparable with the standard requirements for medium-density fiberboards (MDF) for use in dry conditions. All laboratory-produced composites demonstrated significantly deteriorated moisture-related properties, i.e., WA (24 h) and TS (24 h), which is a major drawback. Noticeably, the fiberboards produced had a close-to-zero formaldehyde content, reaching the super E0 class (≤1.5 mg/100 g), with values, ranging from 0.8 mg/100 g to 1.1 mg/100 g, i.e., equivalent to formaldehyde emission of natural wood. The amount of CLS adhesive had no significant effect on formaldehyde content.

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“…They provide high adhesion and mechanical strength [42], temperature stability [43], low starting viscosity, and high water resistance of the cured resins [44,45]. In exterior-grade products such as the oriented strand board (OSB), softwood plywood, and sidings, which require external exposure durability, these resins are extensively used [23,40,[46][47][48]. UF resins, obtained by the reaction of urea and formaldehyde, are the most predominant synthetic adhesives, used for production of interior-grade wood composites, such as particleboards and medium-density fiberboard (MDF) for furniture and a number of other applications, in which dimensional stability and surface uniformity are critical requirements [49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Lignin- and Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Resins for Wood Adhesives—A Review

et al. 2021

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This review article aims to summarize the potential of using renewable natural resources, such as lignin and tannin, in the preparation of NIPUs for wood adhesives. Polyurethanes (PUs) are extremely versatile polymeric materials, which have been widely used in numerous applications, e.g., packaging, footwear, construction, the automotive industry, the lighting industry, insulation panels, bedding, furniture, metallurgy, sealants, coatings, foams, and wood adhesives. The isocyanate-based PUs exhibit strong adhesion properties, excellent flexibility, and durability, but they lack renewability. Therefore, this study focused on the development of non-isocyanate polyurethane lignin and tannin resins for wood adhesives. PUs are commercially synthesized using polyols and polyisocyanates. Isocyanates are toxic, costly, and not renewable; thus, a search of suitable alternatives in the synthesis of polyurethane resins is needed. The reaction with diamine compounds could result in NIPUs based on lignin and tannin. The research on bio-based components for PU synthesis confirmed that they have good characteristics as an alternative for the petroleum-based adhesives. The advantages of improved strength, low curing temperatures, shorter pressing times, and isocyanate-free properties were demonstrated by lignin- and tannin-based NIPUs. The elimination of isocyanate, associated with environmental and human health hazards, NIPU synthesis, and its properties and applications, including wood adhesives, are reported comprehensively in this paper. The future perspectives of NIPUs’ production and application were also outlined.

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Advances in Wood Composites II

Abstract: The main advantage of wood composites is that they can be designed for specific performance requirements or specific qualities, since they are man-made [...]

Cited by 20 publications

References 45 publications

Fine Dust Creation during Hardwood Machine Sanding

Fine Dust Creation during Hardwood Machine Sanding

Eco-Friendly Fiberboard Panels from Recycled Fibers Bonded with Calcium Lignosulfonate

Recent Developments in Lignin- and Tannin-Based Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Resins for Wood Adhesives—A Review

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