Women, the menopause, hormone replacement therapy and coronary heart disease

Whayne, Thomas F.; Mukherjee, Debabrata

doi:10.1097/hco.0000000000000157

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In the present study, there was no difference in HDL-chol and LDL-chol levels, whereas Total-C levels and body weight were observed to increase after ovariectomy. Increased Total-C level and body weight are consistent with the findings of previous work reporting atherosclerosis tendency at menopause 29. 17-β E2 is a natural human estrogen and compensates for the physiological estrogen deficiency without affecting liver function.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Oxidant/antioxidant status, paraoxonase activity, and lipid profile in plasma of ovariectomized rats under the influence of estrogen, estrogen combined with progesterone, and genistein

Ağaçayak

Başaranoğlu

İçen

et al. 2015

DDDT

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IntroductionThe aim of this study was to investigate whether estradiol (E2), E2 combined with progesterone (Prog) (E2/Prog), and genistein (Gen) treatment had antioxidative and anti-hyperlipidemic effects in the plasma of ovariectomized (OVX) rats.Materials and methodsAdult female Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into five groups. Rats in all groups, except for those in a sham group, underwent bilateral ovariectomy under general anesthesia. The groups were as follows: sham group; control OVX group; group treated with estrogen (0.014 mg/kg 17-β E2); group treated with a combination of E2 and Prog (0.014 mg/kg 17-β E2 plus 0.028 mg/kg drospirenone), and group treated with Gen (10 mg/kg/day). Plasma of rats of each treatment group was analyzed to determine the total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, paraoxonase activity, lipid profile, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-chol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-chol), total cholesterol (Total-C), triacylglycerols, lipoprotein (a), and oxidative stress index.ResultsPlasma Total-C levels and body weight increased in all the OVX groups compared with the sham group (P<0.005). The group treated with E2 had significantly elevated total oxidant status, oxidative stress index, LDL-chol, and Total-C compared with the control group (P<0.005). Gen treatment might lead to lower LDL-chol and Total-C levels compared with E2 treatment.ConclusionsGen treatment might be preferred to E2 treatment for treatment of menopausal symptoms in patients at risk for cardiovascular diseases. However, considering the small sample size of this study, larger studies are needed in this area.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Oxidant/antioxidant status, paraoxonase activity, and lipid profile in plasma of ovariectomized rats under the influence of estrogen, estrogen combined with progesterone, and genistein

Ağaçayak

Başaranoğlu

İçen

et al. 2015

DDDT

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“…These effects clearly mimic those observed in human menopause (Barrett-Connor 2013). Thus, our data provide strong evidence in favor of estrogen substitution therapy (Al-Safi & Santoro 2014, Whayne & Mukherjee 2015.…”

Section: :2supporting

confidence: 56%

In female rat heart mitochondria, oophorectomy results in loss of oxidative phosphorylation

Pavón

Cabrera‐Orefice

Gallardo‐Pérez

et al. 2017

Journal of Endocrinology

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Oophorectomy in adult rats affected cardiac mitochondrial function. Progression of mitochondrial alterations was assessed at one, two and three months after surgery: at one month, very slight changes were observed, which increased at two and three months. Gradual effects included decrease in the rates of oxygen consumption and in respiratory uncoupling in the presence of complex I substrates, as well as compromised Ca buffering ability. Malondialdehyde concentration increased, whereas the ROS-detoxifying enzyme Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and aconitase lost activity. In the mitochondrial respiratory chain, the concentration and activity of complex I and complex IV decreased. Among other mitochondrial enzymes and transporters, adenine nucleotide carrier and glutaminase decreased. 2-Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase also decreased. Data strongly suggest that in the female rat heart, estrogen depletion leads to progressive, severe mitochondrial dysfunction.

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“…34 Furthermore; our results were consistent with the studies whose reported impairment of lipid metabolism in OVX animals 35 and human. 36 Total thiols, the most predominant non-protein thiol, are involved in many biological activities including neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS), detoxification of xenobiotics and maintenance of -SH level in proteins. 37 Depletion of total thiols pool severely compromised antioxidant capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superimposed effect of ovariectomy on type 2 diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats

Fahmy

Sayyed

Elrahim³

et al. 2018

Alexandria Journal of Medicine

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Background: Estrogen deprivation in the postmenopausal women plays a critical role in progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Aim: The present study investigated the overlaid effect of ovariectomy on T2DM and the possible underlying mechanism. Materials: Forty female Wistar rats were divided into four groups (10 rats each): sham control, ovariectomized control, sham diabetic and diabetic ovariectomized groups. At the end of experiment, estimation of body weight gain percentage, food intake, fasting blood glucose concentration, and insulin tolerance test were done. Then, rats were euthanized and blood samples were taken for measurement of serum concentration of insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid parameters, tumor necrosis factor-a, interleukin 1 beta, interleukin 4, interleukin 10, malondialdehyde and total thiol. Also, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the pancreas were done. Results: The present study revealed that ovariectomy aggravated the diabetic induced glucose metabolic disturbance as implied by impaired insulin tolerance test, increased insulin resistance alongside lipid dyshomeostasis. These metabolic disturbances might claim to exacerbation of oxidative stress and inflammatory response along with apparent histopathological and immunohistochemical changes on the pancreas. Conclusion: We concluded that metabolic disturbances induced by diabetes might be getting worse after ovariectomy via intensification of oxidative stress and inflammatory state.

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Women, the menopause, hormone replacement therapy and coronary heart disease

Abstract: Prescription of HRT should never be made only for cardiovascular risk reduction. However, when symptom-related and other indications are present, HRT is appropriate and well tolerated in the early years after menopause with onset at a normal age.

Cited by 24 publications

References 63 publications

Oxidant/antioxidant status, paraoxonase activity, and lipid profile in plasma of ovariectomized rats under the influence of estrogen, estrogen combined with progesterone, and genistein

Oxidant/antioxidant status, paraoxonase activity, and lipid profile in plasma of ovariectomized rats under the influence of estrogen, estrogen combined with progesterone, and genistein

In female rat heart mitochondria, oophorectomy results in loss of oxidative phosphorylation

Superimposed effect of ovariectomy on type 2 diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats

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