Women's images of midlife: Observations from the seattle midlife women's health study

Woods, Nancy Fúgate; Mitchell, Ellen Sullivan

doi:10.1080/07399339709516299

Cited by 86 publications

(130 citation statements)

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“…Não foram detectadas associações significativas entre o escore obtido na escala e o período climatérico em que a participante se encontrava (pré-menopausa, perimenopausa ou pós-menopausa). Esse achado é concordante com o estudo longitudinal de Woods et al 14 , que, utilizando a mesma escala, não encontraram evidências de aumento dos sintomas depressivos em função das diferentes fases climatéricas.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Tal achado se alinha àqueles encontrados em estudos sobre sintomatologia climatérica em que a irritabilidade, tristeza, insônia e os fogachos situam-se entre as queixas mais prevalentes 3,6,14,27,28 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Sugeriu-se que a perimenopausa pode ser período de maior risco para os distúrbios do humor, mas não necessariamente representa um momento de risco para a depressão maior 12,13 . Em 2000, Woods et al 14 Fazer o diagnóstico de depressão e medir a gravidade dos sintomas depressivos relatados pelos indivíduos são tarefas distintas. As chamadas escalas de rastreio constituem um meio simples e rápido de identificar indivíduos supostamente afetados ou vulneráveis à depressão.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Avaliação da sintomatologia depressiva de mulheres no climatério com a escala de rastreamento populacional para depressão CES-D

Fernandes

Rozenthal

2008

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul

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ResumoIntrodução: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a sintomatologia depressiva em mulheres climatéricas com a escala de depressão CES-D (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale), do National Institute of Mental Health (EUA). Método: Estudo transversal com 151 mulheres entre 40 e 65 anos de idade, usuárias de serviço de ginecologia geral em unidade de atenção básica à saúde no Rio de Janeiro. Aplicou-se a escala CES-D e um questionário estruturado para a obtenção de dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e ginecológicos. O nível de corte > 15 pontos na CES-D foi considerado como indicativo de quadro depressivo. Resultados: A média de pontuação da amostra foi de 9,2 pontos (desvio padrão = 9,0). Os itens mais pontuados da escala foram relativos à insônia, tristeza e desânimo. Não houve associação significativa entre os escores e o período climatérico, características sociodemográficas, clínicas ou ginecológicas, exceto para as mulheres com presença de sintomas psíquicos, histórico depressivo pregresso e uso atual de antidepressivos (p = 0,000). Entre as 32 mulheres (21%) com pontuação > 15 na CES-D, 72% referiram episódio depressivo pregresso. Dentre as participantes sem histórico depressivo, as perimenopáusicas apresentaram escores > 15 com maior freqüência. Conclusão: Essa casuística, oriunda de serviço não-especializado em menopausa ou saúde mental, revelou baixas pontuações médias na escala de sintomas depressivos CES-D, e o item insônia foi o mais pontuado. O histórico de depressão foi fator de associação com a alta pontuação na escala, mas não a fase climatérica em que a mulher se encontrava. A maior freqüência de pontuação acima do nível de corte nas mulheres sem histórico depressivo pregresso que estavam na perimenopausa sugere a maior vulnerabilidade, nessa fase, a episódios depressivos novos. Descritores: Climatério, menopausa, depressão. AbstractIntroduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate depressive symptoms in climacteric women using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) from the National Institute of Mental Health (USA). Method: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a gynecological outpatient unit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, including 151 climacteric women between 40 and 65 years of age. The CES-D was used to assess depressive symptoms and a structured interview obtained sociodemographic, clinical and gynecological data. A score above 15 points on the CES-D was considered as a cut-point for depressive state. Results: Mean CES-D score was 9.2 points (standard deviation = 9.0). Insomnia, sadness and despondency had the highest scores. There was no significant association between CES-D scores and the climacteric period, sociodemographic, clinical or gynecological characteristics, except for women with psychiatric symptoms, history of depression or on antidepressants (p = 0.000). In 32 women

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Avaliação da sintomatologia depressiva de mulheres no climatério com a escala de rastreamento populacional para depressão CES-D

Fernandes

Rozenthal

2008

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul

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“…Memory complaints are highly prevalent during this midlife period (Woods et al, 2000). Some observational studies support a positive association between use of estrogen-containing hormone therapy and cognitive function in healthy women, but the results of randomized controlled trials have failed to show clear evidence of benefit (Henderson and Sherwin, 2007;Lethaby et al, 2008), and there is even some suggestion of mild detriment (Espeland et al, 2004;Maki et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormone levels and cognitive function in postmenopausal midlife women

Ryan

Stanczyk

Dennerstein

et al. 2012

Neurobiology of Aging

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Gonadal hormones may influence cognitive function. Postmenopausal midlife women in the populationbased Melbourne Women's Midlife Health Project cohort were administered a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests on two occasions two years apart. Participants (n=148, mean age 60 years) had undergone natural menopause and were not using hormone therapy. Estrone, total and free estradiol, and total and free testosterone levels were measured at time of the first testing. Principal component analysis identified four cognitive factors. In multiple linear regression analyses, better semantic memory performance was associated with higher total (p=0.02) and free (p=0.03) estradiol levels and a lower ratio of testosterone to estradiol (p=0.007). There were trends for associations between better verbal episodic memory and lower total testosterone (p=0.08) and lower testosterone/estradiol ratio (p=0.06). Lower free testosterone levels were associated with greater two-year improvement on verbal episodic memory (p=0.04); higher testosterone/estradiol predicted greater semantic memory improvement (p=0.03). In postmenopausal midlife women, endogenous estradiol and testosterone levels and the testosterone/estradiol ratio are associated with semantic memory and verbal episodic memory abilities.

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“…Similar findings, albeit indirect, are also found in the literature. Thus, it has been established that women display a more depressive mood in relation with menopause and increased stress (31). A study examining the impact of psychosocial factors on menopause emphasizes that these variables are related with menopause symptoms and physical health (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature and normal menopause: an evaluation in terms of stress, marital adjustment and sex roles

Onder¹,

Batıgün²

2016

Dusunen Adam

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Premature and normal menopause: an evaluation in terms of stress, marital adjustment and sex rolesObjective: Middle age period brings about particular difficulties for some women, because of the physiological and psychological changes. The physiological changes occuring in this period is called andropause for males and menopause for females. While it starts about 40-50 years of age in general, it might be at an earlier stage of life for some women which is called premature menopause, indicating the climacterium. The main aim of this study is to compare two groups of women with premature menopause and normal menopause in terms of stress reactions, ways of coping, marital adjustment, and sex roles. Method: Data were collected from a total of 224 women, 82 of which had premature menopause (under age 40), and 142 had normal menopause (above age 40). The participants were given Demographic Information Form (DIF), Stress Reactions Scale (SRS), Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI), Marital Adjustment Scale (MAS), and Bem Sex Roles Inventory (BSRI) to obtain data. Results: The t-test analysis has revealed that the premature menopause group had higher scores in stress reactions, lower scores in self confident and optimistic ways of coping with stress, and lower scores in marital adjustment, compared to the normal menopause group. The predictive variables for both groups were found to be "degree of agreement in marriage", "helpless style", and "searching for social support" by regression analysis. The "masculine sex role" was the predictor of only the premature menopause group. Discussion: When we review the related literature, we see that most of the studies are about women who entered menopause around 40 years of age and the problems they face in the process. There is very little research on women who enter menopause earlier (premature menopause). For this reason, it is felt that the current study will add to our knowledge on the premature manapause phenomenon, which challenges women physically and psychologically. We feel it is important to raise awareness in women on the issue in order to prevent and alleviate stress-related problems. We also feel the results of the study might be important in the areas of psychotheraphy and psychological counselling. For example during psychological counselling or psychotheraphy for premature menopause, it might be important to measure the sex roles, marital satisfaction levels and the levels of satisfaction of these women with their close interpersonal relationships, and try to design interventions accordingly. Additionally it might be helpful to teach new coping strategies to manage their stress levels. Keywords: Marital adjustment, menopause, premature menopause, sex roles, stress ÖZETErken ve normal menopoz: stres, evlilik uyumu ve cinsiyet rolleri açısından bir karşılaştırma Amaç: Orta yaş dönemi, beraberinde getirdiği bazı fizyolojik ve psikolojik değişimler sebebiyle, bir grup kadın için bazı zorlukları içermektedir. Bu dönemde erkeklerde ortaya çıkan fizyolojik değişim andr...

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Women's images of midlife: Observations from the seattle midlife women's health study

Cited by 86 publications

References 5 publications

Avaliação da sintomatologia depressiva de mulheres no climatério com a escala de rastreamento populacional para depressão CES-D

Avaliação da sintomatologia depressiva de mulheres no climatério com a escala de rastreamento populacional para depressão CES-D

Hormone levels and cognitive function in postmenopausal midlife women

Premature and normal menopause: an evaluation in terms of stress, marital adjustment and sex roles

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