Women's health and the privatization of fertility control in Brazil

Comparative Performance of Private and Public Healthcare Systems in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

“…In Colombia, following major privatization reforms in 1993, population vaccine coverage declined for several diseases in the country, and tuberculosis incidence rose significantly [67]. In Brazil, privatization of fertility control services led to increased abortions, sterilization, and improper use of oral contraceptives (obtained without medical consultation), ultimately linked to higher mortality rates among young women [68]. However, a slower pace of privatization of health care services did not appear to correlate with a substantial worsening in patient outcomes among Latin American countries [69].…”

Lia Won't: Agency in the Retrospective Pregnancy Narratives of Low‐Income Brazilian Women

“…The high rate of caesarean deliveries—at 32 percent in public hospitals (Formiga Filho 1999:160)—places Brazil far outside the recommended upper limit (15 percent) of medically necessary caesarean delivery and among the nations with the highest rates in the world (WHO 2005). 3 Research indicates that caesareans are performed in part to camouflage the many privately and informally paid‐for tubal ligations (Janowitz et al 1982:185; Giffin 1994; Vieira and Ford 1996; Berquó 1999:125; Hopkins 2000:739; but see Caetano and Potter 2004a). 4 To more fully understand the decision for sterilization, one must consider the alternatives.…”

“…Surveys from 1990 and 2000 indicate that 13.7 percent of pregnancies in Brazil are terminated via induced abortion (Ali and Cleland 2005:1180). Estimates of 1–1.5 million clandestine abortions per year, calculated by emergency room visits (Leal 1995; Costa 1999:165–167; Díaz and Díaz 1999:214) and estimates that unsafe abortion is a major cause of maternal death (Giffin 1994:357; Costa 1999:168) register ongoing dangers of illegal pregnancy termination. Approximately one‐fourth of these occur with adolescents (Bailey et al 2003:72); one‐third with women aged 20–24 (Bott 2001).…”

Número ideal de filhos e arrependimento pós-laqueadura

“…Para o Estado de São Paulo, a proporção de mulheres unidas entre 15 e 49 anos que estavam laqueadas era de 31,4% em 1986 e passou a 33,6% anos em 1996 4 . O crescimento da prevalência da esterilização cirúrgica feminina se deu em um contexto de pouca oferta e acesso aos métodos anticoncepcionais no Brasil, embora o Programa de Assistência Integral à Saúde da Mulher (PAISM) tenha sido adotado oficialmente pelo governo em 1983, estabelecendo, entre outras coisas, que a disponibilidade e o acesso aos meios de regulação da fecundidade eram essenciais para o atendimento integral à saúde das mulheres 5,6 . Essa deficiência tem produzido uma demanda não atendida de anticoncepção, que pode ser verificada, por exemplo, quando se estudam os resultados da última Pesquisa Nacional sobre Demografia e Saúde 1 e verifica-se que, entre as mulheres com mais de três filhos, o número ideal de filhos (NIF), em média, foi sempre inferior ao número observado de filhos.…”