Women's access to agricultural technologies in rice production and processing hubs: A comparative analysis of Ethiopia, Madagascar and Tanzania

Achandi, Esther Leah; Mujawamariya, Gaudiose; Agboh-Noameshie, Afiavi R.; Gebremariam, Shewaye; Rahalivavololona, N.; Rodenburg, Jonne

doi:10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.03.011

Cited by 64 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…Threshing, bagging, winnowing, sun drying, soaking, parboiling, packaging, storing and marketing were the major activities performed by women in rice processing as a result of the time involved in processing. This result is in agreement with the finding of Addison, et al, (2016); that women are responsible for drying and winnowing, and storage but contrary to the finding of Achandia, Mujawamariyaa, Agboh-Noameshied, Gebremariame, Rahalivavololonaf, and Rodenburgg (2018) that post-harvest activities (threshing, drying, and milling) and marketing activities In Tanzania are mostly done by men. The average rice produced (in kg) by men and women from year 2012-2016 is shown in Table 3.…”

Section: Malesupporting

confidence: 92%

Division of Labour in Rice Production and Processing across Gender in Ogun State, Nigeria

Akinnagbe¹,

Ayibiowu²

2020

jae

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This study assessed division of labour in rice production and processing across gender in Ogun state, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used in sampling 120 rice farmers who are both producers and processors. Primary data were obtained from the respondents with the use of structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using frequency, percentage, charts, mean and t-test statistic. The findings revealed that, in rice production; clearing of farm land (90.0%), de-stumping/packing (98.3%), and tilling of land (98.3%) were mainly carried out by men while women were more involved in activities such as planting (52.5%), weeding (50.8%), bird scaring (69.%), harvesting and packing (74.2%). In rice processing; men performed major activities in milling (95.8%), de-stoning (95.0%) and transportation (91.6%) while women were more involved in threshing (84.2%), sun drying (80.9%), and winnowing (87.5%). The result of t- test showed that, there was significant differences in the average quantity of rice (kg) produced by men and women in year 2012 (t=3.930; p≤0.05), 2013 (t=4.748; p≤0.05), 2014 (t=3.570; p≤0.05) and 2016 (t=3.096); p≤0.05) but there was no significant difference between the average rice produced by men and women (t=0.308; p>0.05) in year 2015. Interventions to address the rice production and processing in major energy require activities (like clearing, milling) should be tailored towards men while low energy activities (like planting, harvesting, marketing) interventions should be tailored towards women in order to enhance high productivity and quality processing. Keywords: gender division of labour, rice production, rice processing

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Section: Malesupporting

confidence: 92%

Division of Labour in Rice Production and Processing across Gender in Ogun State, Nigeria

Akinnagbe¹,

Ayibiowu²

2020

jae

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“…In terms of gender of the receiver of the agricultural information, men have greater access to almost all sources of agricultural advice (Figure 8). This is consistent with the literature highlighting women's limited access to agricultural extension services and technologies compared with men (Ragasa 2014;Achandi et al 2018). Older men have the greatest access to most sources of agricultural advice.…”

Section: Figure 7 Percentage Of Households Using or Participating Insupporting

confidence: 89%

The role of interactive radio programming in advancing women’s empowerment and crop and dietary diversity: Mixed methods evidence from Malawi

Ragasa¹,

Mzungu²,

Kalagho³

et al. 2020

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in 1975, provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. IFPRI's strategic research aims to foster a climate-resilient and sustainable food supply; promote healthy diets and nutrition for all; build inclusive and efficient markets, trade systems, and food industries; transform agricultural and rural economies; and strengthen institutions and governance. Gender is integrated in all the Institute's work. Partnerships, communications, capacity strengthening, and data and knowledge management are essential components to translate IFPRI's research from action to impact. The Institute's regional and country programs play a critical role in responding to demand for food policy research and in delivering holistic support for country-led development. IFPRI collaborates with partners around the world.

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“…In SSA, weeds are conservatively estimated to result in annual losses of 2.2 million tons of milled rice (Rodenburg and Johnson 2009). Losses are not only caused by direct resource competition between weeds and the crop, but also because the presence of weeds may attract other biotic yield-reducing factors, such as diseases and grain-feeding birds (Heinrichs et al 1997;Demont and Rodenburg 2016). Furthermore, while weed-inflicted yield losses may be diminished through weed control, these efforts depend on inputs such as labor (Ogwuike et al 2014) which in turn imply additional indirect economic losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status quo of chemical weed control in rice in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2019

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If future rice production is to contribute to food security for the increasing population of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), effective strategies are needed to control weeds, the crop's fiercest competitors for resources. To gain better insights into farmers' access to, and use of, herbicides as part of weed control strategies, surveys were conducted in key rice production locations across SSA. Farm surveys were held among 1965 farmers across 20 countries to collect data on rice yields, farmer's weed management practices, herbicide use, frequencies of interventions and information sources regarding herbicides. Markets were surveyed across 17 countries to collect data on herbicide availability, brand names and local prices (converted to US$ ha −1 ). Herbicides are used by 34% of the rice farmers in SSA, but adoption ranges from 0 to 72% across countries. Herbicides are more often used by men (40%) than by women (27%) and more often in irrigated (44% of farmers) than in rainfed lowland (36%) or upland rice growing environments (24%). Herbicides are always used supplementary to hand weeding. Following this combination, yield loss reductions in irrigated lowlands and rainfed uplands are estimated to be 0.4 t ha −1 higher than hand weeding alone. In rainfed lowlands no benefits were observed from herbicide use. Sixty-two percent of the herbicides sold at rural agro-chemical supply markets are unauthorized. These markets are dominated by glyphosate and 2,4-D, sold under 55 and 41 different brand names, respectively, and at relatively competitive prices (below average herbicide price of US $17 ha −1 ). They are also the most popular herbicides among farmers. For advice on herbicide application methods, farmers primarily rely on their peers, and only a few receive advice from extension services (<23%) or inform themselves by reading the product label (<16%). Herbicide application timings are therefore often (38%) sub-optimal. Herbicide technologies can contribute to reduced production losses in rice in SSA. However, through negative effects on crop, environment and human health, incorrect herbicide use may unintentionally counteract efforts to increase food security. Moving away from this status quo will require strict implementation and monitoring of national pesticide regulations and investment in research and development to innovate and diversify the currently followed weed management strategies, agricultural service provision and communications with farmers.

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Women's access to agricultural technologies in rice production and processing hubs: A comparative analysis of Ethiopia, Madagascar and Tanzania

Cited by 64 publications

References 28 publications

Division of Labour in Rice Production and Processing across Gender in Ogun State, Nigeria

Division of Labour in Rice Production and Processing across Gender in Ogun State, Nigeria

The role of interactive radio programming in advancing women’s empowerment and crop and dietary diversity: Mixed methods evidence from Malawi

Status quo of chemical weed control in rice in sub-Saharan Africa

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