Women on the Sidelines: Women's Representation on Committees in Latin American Legislatures

The legislature as a gendered workplace: Exploring members of parliament’s experiences of working in the Swedish parliament

“…Previous research has indicated a gendered division of labor within certain legislative bodies such that women hold fewer leadership positions and are primarily grouped in less prestigious committees dealing with "soft" issues (Heath, Schwindt-Bayer, and Taylor-Robinson, 2005).…”

Female Representation but Male Rule? Party Competition and the Political Glass Ceiling

“…In other words, it can include both a comparison of merits according to some standardized procedure as well as the subjective valuation of these merits mirrored through the eyes of the selector and reflecting also the socioeconomic characteristics of the applicant. (Heath et al, 2005), from relevant decision making groups such as committees and subcommittees (Hakesworth, 2003) or from the political discussion in those groups (Kathlene, 1994). In the abovementioned survey of reasons for exist among Swedish politician, the third most common reason was a feeling of pointlessness and lack of policy influence.…”

Tracing Gender Differences in Parliamentary Debates: A Growth Curve Analysis of Ugandan Mps’ Activity Levels in Plenary Sessions, 1998–2008

“…One key explanation is fear of backlash, which may deter women from engaging in debates in the same way as their male counterparts despite holding a leadership position. The risk of backlash may increase when women's numbers rise since male colleagues may feel threatened and close down space for women's participation and influence (Grey 2006;Heath et al 2005;Kathlene 2005). In psychology, status incongruity theory suggests that women in positions of power can generate backlash (Rudman et al 2012).…”