Women, Family and the Nation in Contemporary China

Xie, Kailing

doi:10.1007/978-981-16-1139-1_2

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…Overall, responses from participants reflected a general sense of egalitarianism regarding gender. This egalitarianism may be a result of their high level of education in this sample, as gender norms favor male dominance in rural areas where there is less attainment of post-secondary education (Xie, 2013). It is interesting to note that more than 60% of the participants were not raised in large cities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Masculine gender role expectations in China: A consensual qualitative research-modified study.

Song¹,

Liang²

2019

Psychology of Men & Masculinities

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Much of the psychological literature is either focused on non-Hispanic White heteronormative forms of masculinities or utilizes measures that were developed primarily with White middle-class heterosexual men in the United States. This qualitative study sought to understand masculine gender role expectations in mainland China. A total of 50 men and 75 women were recruited to participate in this study through Sina Weibo. Responses were analyzed using consensual qualitative research–modified (Spangler, Liu, & Hill, 2012) methodology. The participants’ age ranged from 20 to 63 years (M = 30.77 years). The following eight domains of Chinese masculine gender role expectations emerged from data analyses: Be responsible, honest and law-abiding, caring, brave and self-starting, forgiving, respectful and nonviolent, rational and calm, and avoid femininity. Results from this study indicate that masculine gender role expectations in China vary across contexts and share little in common with hegemonic masculine gender role expectations. Results of the current study highlight the importance of considering cultural contexts when examining gender role expectations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Masculine gender role expectations in China: A consensual qualitative research-modified study.

Song¹,

Liang²

2019

Psychology of Men & Masculinities

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“…Although Chinese women’s socioeconomic status significantly improved in the past decade, the traditional gender expectations for women to take responsibility for the household work and men to financially provide for the family (Leung, 2003) are still prevalent. From a feminist perspective, women reaching a higher income than their partners could be perceived to have violated the gender expectations perpetuated by the traditional patriarchal culture (Xie, 2013), triggering IPV as a way for men to reinforce their dominance over women (George & Stith, 2014). Similarly, imbalanced power between couples consistently contributed to a higher risk of IPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The growing evidence in the past decade can provide a crucial update on our knowledge about IPV in Chinese women. Significant changes, including a fast-growing migrant population (United Nations Children's Fund, 2018), significantly reduced gender discrepancies in education attainment (Xie, 2013), stable imbalance in household responsibilities, and rigid gender roles (Attané, 2012), took place in Chinese society over the past decade. These profound social, economic, and cultural changes also urge an updated understanding of the impact of risk and protective factors at multiple levels as well as their interactions on IPV against women in contemporary Chinese society.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Against Chinese Women: A Systematic Review

Cao

Lee

Liu

et al. 2021

Trauma, Violence, & Abuse

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global health challenge leading to various detrimental health outcomes. Chinese women are a vulnerable population often overlooked in IPV research. Guided by the social–ecological model, this systematic review aims to synthesize literature on the risk and protective factors for IPV among Chinese women. A comprehensive search was conducted in nine major English and Chinese databases for articles with data collected since 2006 on adult Chinese women, leading to 29 papers in the final analysis. Risk and protective factors associated with IPV identified in this review include factors at the individual level such as demographics (e.g., a younger age, unplanned pregnancy, abortion, having children, and migration), socioeconomic status (e.g., income and partners’ education level), attitudinal factors (e.g., attitudes justifying IPV and traditional beliefs about gender roles), behavioral factors (e.g., alcohol use of women, partners’ alcohol use and frequency, and partners’ high frequency of gambling), adverse childhood experiences (e.g., witnessed violence in childhood), and other personal characteristics (e.g., chronic illness and good health status). Factors at the relationship level include conflicts, power in intimate relationships, and social capital (e.g., the size of social networks, network participation of women and their partners, and social control). Community-level factors related to geographic locations were also explored while no factors were identified at the societal level. None of the included studies examined the intersections of factors within the same level or across different levels. Recommendations for future research, practice, and policy are also discussed.

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“…Premarital cohabitation has been on the rise in Asian countries in recent years. In China, despite the strong influence of Confucian values on the importance of marriage, a third of the 2010–2012 marriage cohort were involved in premarital cohabitation (Jones, 2010; Raymo, Park, Xie, & Yeung, 2015; Xie, 2013; Yu & Xie, 2015). In many Asian countries, cohabitation has been gaining increasing acceptance among young adults on the basis that it provides couples with an opportunity to bond with each other and try out how living with each other would be like a “trial marriage” (Jones, Zhang, & Chia, 2012; Sun et al, 2014; Williams, Kabamalan, & Ogena, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 1978, post-reform China has witnessed dramatic economic development and social modernization, characterized by more liberal and individualistic attitudes and ideals toward life choices including marital decisions (Raymo et al, 2015; Xie, 2013; Yu & Xie, 2015). Among the influences of modernization on the private lives of individuals, China has experienced rising cohabitation and divorce rates (Xu & Xia, 2014; Yeung & Hu, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premarital Cohabitation, Marital Dissolution, and Marital Quality in China

2023

Journal of Family Issues

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Using data from the 2018 Chinese Family Panel Studies, this study examines the associations between premarital cohabitation, marital satisfaction, and the probability of a subsequent divorce and captures the gradated variations of marital quality by incorporating divorce and self-rated marital satisfaction into a generic measure of marital quality. Findings show positive associations between cohabitation and divorce and negative associations between cohabitation and marital quality. Results further show that the negative association between cohabitation and marital quality is weakened by better education, higher income, and rural origin, and stronger among men. The consistent negative associations between cohabitation and all the marital quality outcomes indicate the persistent strength of the norm of universal marriage, based on which cohabitation is still considered substantively distinct from marriage both in terms of legal status and social recognition. The diverse social gradients of the cohabitation-marital quality links reflect the heterogeneous social meanings of cohabitation in contemporary China.

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Women, Family and the Nation in Contemporary China

Cited by 6 publications

References 101 publications

Masculine gender role expectations in China: A consensual qualitative research-modified study.

Masculine gender role expectations in China: A consensual qualitative research-modified study.

Risk and Protective Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Against Chinese Women: A Systematic Review

Premarital Cohabitation, Marital Dissolution, and Marital Quality in China

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