Wolff–Kishner reduction reactions using a solar irradiation heat source and a green solvent system

Agee, Brian M.; Mullins, Gene; Biernacki, Joseph J.; Swartling, Daniel J.

doi:10.1080/17518253.2014.966866

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…As long as the solar irradiation levels were 500 W/m 2 or greater, the location, time and day did not seem to affect the results of the solar reactions. Similar results for reactions were obtained during all seasonal periods throughout various times of the day [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…The synthetic procedure for this step has been published in a previous manuscript [10,11]. Isobutyrophenone, from the previous reaction, underwent a Wolff-Kishner reduction using hydrazine hydrate and strong base conditions to synthesize isobutyl benzene.…”

Section: Isobutylbenzene Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The same design for the solar reflector was used as the reflector in our previous publications [9][10][11]. The solar reflector was developed through the repurposing of a satellite dish into a reflective parabolic mirror (Fig.…”

Section: Development Of the Solar Heat Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, it was shown that solar energy could be used to perform high temperature chemical reaction as the heat source [9][10][11][12]. A solar reflector was designed out of satellite dishes and Mylar ® tape, and a Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction was performed using the solar reflector as the sole thermal heat source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress towards a more sustainable synthetic pathway to ibuprofen through the use of solar heating

Agee

Mullins

Swartling

2016

Sustain Chem Process

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The ACS Green Chemistry Institute Pharmaceutical Roundtable was formed in 2005 to encourage the incorporation of green chemistry techniques into the synthetic pathways of pharmaceuticals. Through this initiative, synthetic pathways of several pharmaceuticals have been altered to adapt more environmentally friendly procedures. The amount of electricity required to complete chemical reactions have become an environmental concern due to depleting fossil fuels. A technique was recently developed in which satellite dishes were repurposed as solar reflectors capable of providing a heat source through solar irradiation. The ability to use the solar reflector as the sole heat source for synthetic reactions has been analyzed for the commercially important pharmaceutical, ibuprofen. Ibuprofen synthesis also incorporates chemicals that are not particularly friendly to the environment. The exchange of these chemicals with more environmentally friendly substitutes has been analyzed. The goal of this study is to incorporate a solar energy heat source to develop an alternative energy, more environmentally friendly pathway to ibuprofen.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Isobutylbenzene Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of the Solar Heat Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Progress towards a more sustainable synthetic pathway to ibuprofen through the use of solar heating

Agee

Mullins

Swartling

2016

Sustain Chem Process

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“…Incorporation of the by-product (glycerol) as the reaction solvent for Wolff-Kishner reduction reactions is a significant step in making Wolff-Kishner reductions more environmentally friendly. In a previous study, it was demonstrated that typical Wolff-Kishner solvent systems such as Ethylene Glycol and Diethylene Glycol (which are toxic) could be exchanged for the non-toxic Propylene Glycol [20]. By exchanging the solvent system of the reaction to waste glycerol that is generated through the production of biodiesel, this reaction has been performed under much more environmentally favorable, and more sustainable conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Use of solar energy for biodiesel production and use of biodiesel waste as a green reaction solvent

Agee

Mullins

Swartling

2014

Sustain Chem Process

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Due to the depletion of fossil fuel energy sources, new alternative energy sources are becoming prevalent in our society. Biodiesel has been recognized as an attractive replacement for depleting energy sources since it is produced mainly from vegetable oils and animal fats, is a renewable resource, and is non-toxic. The synthesis of biodiesel involves heating a triglyceride with methanol (or ethanol) under strongly basic conditions. Since fossil fuels are used for electrical energy in the United States, the amount of electricity required to heat this reaction requires the use of non-renewable resources. An effective means for minimizing the amount of electricity needed to drive chemical reactions to completion is proposed through the use of solar parabolic reflectors. In this study, a technique was developed to incorporate recently proposed solar reflectors developed from satellite dishes into the synthetic procedure for biodiesel. Through the use of our technique, the generation of carbon dioxide waste during biodiesel production has been eliminated. Another area of environmental concern in biodiesel production is the generation of waste by-products (glycerol). A technique has been developed that incorporates the use of recovered biodiesel waste glycerol as the solvent system for Wolff-Kishner reduction reactions. The reduction of isobutyryl chloride has been performed successfully using biodiesel waste glycerol as the solvent system and solar irradiation as the heat source for the chemical reaction.

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Ultrahigh detectivity ultraviolet photodetector based on orthorhombic phase CsPbI3 microwire using temperature self-regulating solar reactor

Pan

Rao

et al. 2020

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

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Wolff–Kishner reduction reactions using a solar irradiation heat source and a green solvent system

Cited by 10 publications

References 15 publications

Progress towards a more sustainable synthetic pathway to ibuprofen through the use of solar heating

Progress towards a more sustainable synthetic pathway to ibuprofen through the use of solar heating

Use of solar energy for biodiesel production and use of biodiesel waste as a green reaction solvent

Ultrahigh detectivity ultraviolet photodetector based on orthorhombic phase CsPbI3 microwire using temperature self-regulating solar reactor

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