Własności użytkowe akumulatorów kwasowo-ołowiowych

Analysis of the selected heavy metals content inthe lead-acid battery polymeric separator

“…Akumulatory kwasowo-ołowiowe [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8], ze względu na ich konstrukcję, można podzielić na akumulatory z płynnym elektrolitem (klasyczne, wymagające ciągłego monitorowania poziomu elektrolitu, i bezobsługowe MF -maintenance-free) oraz szczelne, bezobsługowe akumulatory VRLA (valve regulated lead-acid). Te ostatnie stanowią późniejszą generację akumulatorów ołowiowych -z uwięzionym elektrolitem w postaci żelu (akumulatory żelowe), bądź elektrolitem zaabsorbowanym w porowatej macie z włókien szklanych, pełniącej jednocześnie funkcję separatora (akumulatory AGM -absorptive glass mat).…”

Didactic means in knowledge and practical skills shaping in the technical education processes

“…In educational processes in technical schools and industrial training centers, besides theoretical knowledge transfer, an extremely important element is the use of properly selected teaching aids in the form of multimedia presentations with animations, preview videos, computer simulations or physical demonstration stands related to the functioning of the presented elements and systems [1,2]. A very important factor in teaching is to familiarize educated people with the latest scientific research: with the applied computational methods [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], processes of their development, tests and measurements results and their interpretation [14][15][16][17][18][19] or simulations of systems functioning [20][21][22][23][24].…”

“…Taking into account the role that physical demonstration and research stands play in the transfer of theoretical and practical knowledge, the authors designed and built two such a objects [1].…”

“…The designed stand is functional and ergonomic, provides great versatility during testing and operational safety [1].…”

“…According to the design assumptions Hall sensors were used, and the test stand ( Figure 2) allows to determine the voltage value and polarity characteristics depending on the linear or angular displacement of the moving measuring element (permanent magnet). Measurements are possible to be conducted for a single Hall sensor and two sensors placed perpendicularly to each other (which allows the unequivocal presentation of the angular position in the range of 360 °) [1]. On the built-up stand it is possible to: conduct measurements using digital voltmeters (prepared laboratory terminals), microprocessor signal processing (using Arduino Uno with AVR Atmega 328 microcontroller) to properly adjust the Hall voltage and presentation of read data (voltage and polarity) on a display.…”