Wives, Clerks, and 'Lady Diplomats': The Gendered Politics of Diplomacy and Representation in the U.S. Foreign Service, 1900-1940

Wood, Molly M.

doi:10.4000/ejas.10562

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…"were not fitted to discharge the exacting and peculiar duties of a Foreign Service Officer". 4 This unfair treatment of women in Foreign Service started to change at the beginning of 1940 because of the unprecedented personnel needs during World War II (Wood, 2015). President Roosevelt named Ruth Bryan Owen as the first female chief of mission of the U.S. Embassy for Denmark and Iceland, while the Soviet Union appointed its first female chief of mission ten years earlier.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In reports on the work of their husbands, they were also mentioned. Soon with the increase in the complexity of duties in the embassies, some chiefs of mission began to hire their wives as clerks (Wood, 2015). 5 During 1946, women in the UK were also given the opportunity to become career diplomats, however their prohibition from marrying was not lifted until 1972.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Breaking the glass ceiling: the role of the UN and the EU in promoting women in politics

Jakešević

Luša

2021

Polit. misao (Online)

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Politics has traditionally been reserved for men, meaning it has been very difficult‎ for women to enter at the highest level. The progress in gender equality‎ in politics has been uneven so far and significant differences exist among‎ states and regions. The male dominance in state politics has translated into the‎ international realm in international entities and multilateral political platforms‎ as well. Although these entities gradually introduced the principles of gender‎ equality and promoted an increased participation of women in political life in‎ their constituent states through key documents, they face the same problem –‎ how to ensure at least a formal and descriptive representation of women at the‎ highest level and how to translate stated or symbolic gender equality from key‎ documents into practice (symbolic to substantive representation). The aim of‎ this paper is to give an overview of the historical development of the international‎ framework for the equal participation of women in politics. Particularly,‎ this paper analyses how two international entities – the UN and the EU – contribute‎ to overcoming the gender-gap in politics, and whether their activities‎ have influenced an increased participation of women in politics (descriptive‎ representation).‎

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%