A method for studying the effect of impulse perturbation on the longitudinal oscillations of a homogeneous constant cross-section of the body and the elastic properties of a material which satisfies the essentially nonlinear law of elasticity has been developed. A mathematical model of the process is presented, which is an equation of hyperbolic type with a small parameter at the discrete right-hand side. The latter expresses the effect of impulse perturbation on the oscillatory process. As for the boundary conditions considered in the work, they are classic of the first, second and third genera. The methodology is based on: the principle of oscillation frequency in nonlinear systems with many degrees of freedom and distributed parameters; basic provisions of asymptotic methods of nonlinear mechanics; the idea of using special periodic Ateb-functions to construct solutions of some classes of nonlinear differential equations; properties of completeness and orthonormality of functions that describe the forms of oscillations of undisturbed motion. In general, the above allowed to obtain relations that describe for the first approximation the defining parameters of the oscillations of an elastic body. Their peculiarity is that even for undisturbed motion, the natural frequency of oscillations depends on the amplitude, and therefore, under the action of a periodic (over time) pulse force on the elastic body, both resonant and nonresonant processes are possible in the latter. It, in contrast to an elastic body with linear or quasilinear elastic properties of the body is determined not only by its basic physical and mechanical properties, but also by the amplitude of oscillations. As a special case, the oscillations of the body under the action of a constant periodic momentum perturbation are considered. It is shown that for the nonresonant case for the first approximation it does not affect the laws of change of amplitude and frequency of the process. As for the resonant is the amplitude of origin through the main resonance significantly depends not only on the speed but also on the points of action of the pulsed perturbation. Moreover, the closer the point of application of the pulsed force to the middle of the elastic body under boundary conditions of the first kind is greater (for boundary conditions of the second kind closer to the end).
The article is devoted to the consideration of the existing activities of the US Department of State in matters of cultural policy. Attention is focused on the works of foreign and domestic researchers who devoted their work to the consideration of the essence of the cultural policy of the state, which is often called cultural or public diplomacy or soft power. It is indicated that these directions in the USA are carried out by the structural unit of the State Department – the Bureau of Education and Culture, and the history of its formation is described. The active period of cultural diplomacy in the USA falls at the end of World War II and the beginning of the ideological confrontation between the USA and the USSR, known as the Cold War. One of the active tools for cultural diplomacy has been the dissemination of television and radio broadcasting around the world. No less actively used exchange programs and visits of citizens of other countries, which were designed to promote mutual understanding, international, educational, and cultural exchange, as well as the development of leadership qualities of its participants. It is pointed out that US cultural diplomacy has reached its peak by incorporating jazz, culture, and literature into its arsenal. Keywords: USA, cultural diplomacy, Department of State, American literature, television and radio companies.
Клынина Татьяна. Институт заграничной службы США: историческая ретроспектива. Цель исследования. В статье проанализирована история становления научного центра при Государственном департаменте США, который занимается подготовкой профессионалов на дипломатическом поприще. Методы исследования. Использованы общенаучные методы исследования. В основе статьи лежит принцип историзма. Базовыми для исследования стали методы анализа и синтеза, а также проблемно-хронологический метод, который позволил показать развитие института заграничной службы в хронологической последовательности. Научная новизна. Были детализированы этапы становлення института, что позволило структурировать инфорацию о его деятельности с периода его возникновения и до сегодняшнего дня. Выводы. Сегодня институт является краеугольным камнем в карьере офицеров дипломатической службы Америки, а также тысяч правительственных чиновников из всех слоев общества, чья работа требует экспертизы по иностранным делам. Сегодняшняя миссия института заключается в проведении дипломатического обучения мирового уровня и предоставлении возможностей для профессионального роста в течении всей карьеры дипломата, чтобы добиться успеха на мировой арене в вопросе продвижения внешней политики США от имени американского народа. За болем чем семидесятилетнюю историю институт не только не прекратил свого существования, но и модернизировался в сфере подготовки дипломатов в условиях современных международных реалий.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.