Witness to Violence: The Child Interview

Pynoos, Robert S.; Eth, Spencer

doi:10.1016/s0002-7138(09)60252-1

Cited by 273 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Consistent with previous research (Green et al, 1991;Lonigan et al, 1994;Pynoos, 1986), the level of exposure to traumatic events is found to be a strong predictor for the severity of PTSD symptoms. Reports about frightening and life-threatening events that occur during natural disasters, and the loss and disruption that follow such disasters are two aspects of exposure that are most frequently associated with children s post-disaster reactions (Vernberg & Vogel, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

PTSD Symptoms in Elementary School Children After Typhoon Rusa

Lee

Kim

et al. 2004

J Korean Acad Nurs

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Purpose. A natural disaster negatively affects children's emotional and behavioral adjustment. The purpose of this paper was to examine the prevalence, symptoms, and correlates of PTSD after the occurrence of Typhoon Rusa.Method. 261 elementary school children living in Kimcheon, which was a devastated rural area in South Korea by Typhoon Rusa, were selected. Data were collected 4 months after the disaster using the PTSD Reaction Index categories recommended by Frederick, severity of PTSD.Results. 12.3% of the children had either moderate or severe PTSD symptoms; 22.7% reported mild symptoms; and the remaining 65% had sub-clinical symptoms of PTSD. The most frequent symptom was recurrenct fear(67.0%). 13% to 17.2% of children exhibited difficulty in concentration, sleep disturbance, and guilt feeling. The regression model of severity of PTSD was composed of the level of exposure to traumatic experiences, grade in school, gender, negative coping style, and social support, and explained 34.3% for PTSD symptoms. Exposure to traumatic experiences was the strongest factor of all predictors. Conclusion.Emotional support from friends and coping style were correlated with PTSD severity. School-based interventions that emphasizes coping with disaster related problems and problem-solving may prove to be useful, and may aid in building close and supportive ties with teachers, classmates, and friends.Key Words: Children, PTSD, Natural disaster informing efforts have been limited. Up to date, there have not been any studies in South Korea about posttraumatic stress disorder in children who have experienced such a disaster.Several investigations have reported the incidence of PTSD symptoms and diagnosis in children. In a large sample of school-age children who experienced a forest fire, over 50% of their parents reported PTSD symptoms at 2 months after the accident, and 33% of them reported PTSD symptoms after 2 years (McFarlane, 1987). However, most studies have not directly focused on the presence or absence of the diagnosis of PTSD and it is still unclear whether children who were exposed to disaster experience all of the PTSD symptoms.The essential feature of PTSD is developing characteristic symptoms after a traumatic event (Green, 1991). These symptoms involve the following three clusters: persistent re-experiencing of the stressor (e.g., recurrent thoughts or dreams of the disaster), persistent avoidance of reminders of the event and numbing of general responsiveness (e.g., avoidance of disaster-related activities, and feeling of detachment), and persistent symptoms of hyper-arousal (e.g., experience difficulties in sleeping or concentrating). When children are repetitively exposed to traumatic events, generalized nightmares, psychosomatic symptoms (e.g., headaches, stomach aches), and foreboding omens may occur.This study was done to identify the PTSD symptoms of children caused by a natural disaster and diverse factors that are related to these symptoms by examining 261 elementary school children in Kimcheon, 4 month...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

PTSD Symptoms in Elementary School Children After Typhoon Rusa

Lee

Kim

et al. 2004

J Korean Acad Nurs

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“…Indeed, a number of researchers have suggested specific and non-specific recall benefits of asking children to draw the event in both experimental and applied settings (Burgess & Hartman, 1993;Butler, Gross & Hayne, 1995;Davison & Thomas, 2001;Edwards & Fornham, 1989;Gross & Hayne, 1998Kahill, 1984;Pynoos & Eth, 1986;Thomas & Jolley, 1998;Salmon, 2001;Wesson & Salmon, 2001). As children's spontaneous and self-directed drawings typically portray subject matter and events that are of most interest to them, drawings are likely to stimulate the child to talk about the salient episodes associated with the topic of the drawing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drawings as memory aids: Optimising the drawing method to facilitate young children's recall

Barlow

Jolley

Hallam

2010

Appl. Cognit. Psychol.

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“…Esta entrevista se basa en la observación directa y el juego, y se inicia con la realización de un dibujo por parte del niño (Pynoos & Nader, 1986). Luego prosiguen entre veinte y treinta minutos de juego libre.…”

Section: Modified Semi-structure Interview and Ptsd Reaction Indexunclassified

El trastorno de estrés postraumático en niños preescolares: una revisión literaria

Acosta¹,

Ruiz²

2015

Katharsis

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ResumenEl desarrollo de psicopatologías en preescolares es un tema reciente de estudio. Varios grupos de investigadores se han tomado la tarea de investigar este fenómeno, y han encontrado interesantes hallazgos que dejan al manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales (DSM) y a los instrumentos de media como inadecuados para valorar con precisión las psicopatologías presentes en la infancia temprana. Por esta razón, el DSM-5 trae consigo nuevos criterios diagnósticos pensados para niños menores de cinco años. El trastorno de estrés postraumático se caracteriza por aparecer posterior a la vivencia de acontecimientos estresantes. Los niños pre-escolares no son la excepción. El propósito de este escrito es realizar una actualización sobre los últimos hallazgos en la investigación del trastorno de estrés postraumático en niños preescolares. Al final del texto se lleva a cabo una reflexión sobre las implicaciones de estos descubrimientos en la clínica.Palabras clave: trastorno de estrés postraumático, niños preescolares, trauma y evaluación. Kelly Romero-Acosta es doctora y magister en Psicología Clínica y de la Salud de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona (España).Correo electrónico kromero@unimetro.edu.co.

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Witness to Violence: The Child Interview

Cited by 273 publications

References 16 publications

PTSD Symptoms in Elementary School Children After Typhoon Rusa

PTSD Symptoms in Elementary School Children After Typhoon Rusa

Drawings as memory aids: Optimising the drawing method to facilitate young children's recall

El trastorno de estrés postraumático en niños preescolares: una revisión literaria

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