Within-host evolution of Brucella canis during a canine brucellosis outbreak in a kennel

Gyuranecz, Miklós; Rannals, Brandy D.; Allen, Christina A.; Jánosi, Szilárd; Keim, Paul; Foster, Jeffrey T.

doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-76

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Also, within the Brucella genus, a study reporting on an outbreak of B . canis at a Hungarian dog kennel, noted that high mutation rates of some MLVA loci within animals presented a difficulty in unambiguously inferring epidemiological relationships between animals [ 38 ]. Similar findings with hypervariable loci affecting precision have been noted in cattle [ 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Brucella abortus in Northern Ireland—1991 to 2012

et al. 2015

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BackgroundBrucellosis is the most common bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Bovine brucellosis caused by Brucella abortus has far reaching animal health and economic impacts at both the local and national levels. Alongside traditional veterinary epidemiology, the use of molecular typing has recently been applied to inform on bacterial population structure and identify epidemiologically-linked cases of infection. Multi-locus variable number tandem repeat VNTR analysis (MLVA) was used to investigate the molecular epidemiology of a well-characterised Brucella abortus epidemic in Northern Ireland involving 387 herds between 1991 and 2012.ResultsMLVA identified 98 unique B. abortus genotypes from disclosing isolates in the 387 herds involved in the epidemic. Clustering algorithms revealed the relatedness of many of these genotypes. Combined with epidemiological information on chronology of infection and geographic location, these genotype data helped to identify 7 clonal complexes which underpinned the outbreak over the defined period. Hyper-variability of some VNTR loci both within herds and individual animals led to detection of multiple genotypes associated with single outbreaks. However with dense sampling, these genotypes could still be associated with specific clonal complexes thereby permitting inference of epidemiological links. MLVA- based epidemiological monitoring data were congruent with an independent classical veterinary epidemiology study carried out in the same territory.ConclusionsMLVA is a useful tool in ongoing disease surveillance of B. abortus outbreaks, especially when combined with accurate epidemiological information on disease tracings, geographical clustering of cases and chronology of infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Brucella abortus in Northern Ireland—1991 to 2012

et al. 2015

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“…Studies in Brucella have reported variation of SNPs among isolates recovered from the same host tissues or among isolates obtained from the same host sampled at different times. A study of a B. canis outbreak in Hungary reported variation in five of 15 different VNTR alleles at multiple tissues and dates, during three months, suggesting rapid genetic changes in B. canis that produced the emergence of alternative alleles at the VNTR loci [ 169 ]. Another example using MLVA is provided by Maquart et al (2009) in marine Brucella : they cultured and typified bacteria from more than one tissue in 69 marine mammals, and they observed more than one genotype in sixteen of them.…”

Section: Microevolution Of Brucella In the Hostmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucella Genomics: Macro and Micro Evolution

Suárez-Esquivel

Chaves-Olarte

Moreno

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Brucella organisms are responsible for one of the most widespread bacterial zoonoses, named brucellosis. The disease affects several species of animals, including humans. One of the most intriguing aspects of the brucellae is that the various species show a ~97% similarity at the genome level. Still, the distinct Brucella species display different host preferences, zoonotic risk, and virulence. After 133 years of research, there are many aspects of the Brucella biology that remain poorly understood, such as host adaptation and virulence mechanisms. A strategy to understand these characteristics focuses on the relationship between the genomic diversity and host preference of the various Brucella species. Pseudogenization, genome reduction, single nucleotide polymorphism variation, number of tandem repeats, and mobile genetic elements are unveiled markers for host adaptation and virulence. Understanding the mechanisms of genome variability in the Brucella genus is relevant to comprehend the emergence of pathogens.

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“…), (iii) within‐host evolution of the bacteria (Gyuranecz et al. ), or (iv) changes in bacteria population through time (for viruses, see: Volz et al. ; Frost and Volz ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Limitations to estimating bacterial cross‐species transmission using genetic and genomic markers: inferences from simulation modeling

Benavides

Cross

Luikart

et al. 2014

Evolutionary Applications

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Cross-species transmission (CST) of bacterial pathogens has major implications for human health, livestock, and wildlife management because it determines whether control actions in one species may have subsequent effects on other potential host species. The study of bacterial transmission has benefitted from methods measuring two types of genetic variation: variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, it is unclear whether these data can distinguish between different epidemiological scenarios. We used a simulation model with two host species and known transmission rates (within and between species) to evaluate the utility of these markers for inferring CST. We found that CST estimates are biased for a wide range of parameters when based on VNTRs and a most parsimonious reconstructed phylogeny. However, estimations of CST rates lower than 5% can be achieved with relatively low bias using as low as 250 SNPs. CST estimates are sensitive to several parameters, including the number of mutations accumulated since introduction, stochasticity, the genetic difference of strains introduced, and the sampling effort. Our results suggest that, even with whole-genome sequences, unbiased estimates of CST will be difficult when sampling is limited, mutation rates are low, or for pathogens that were recently introduced.

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Within-host evolution of Brucella canis during a canine brucellosis outbreak in a kennel

Cited by 16 publications

References 23 publications

Molecular Epidemiology of Brucella abortus in Northern Ireland—1991 to 2012

Molecular Epidemiology of Brucella abortus in Northern Ireland—1991 to 2012

Brucella Genomics: Macro and Micro Evolution

Limitations to estimating bacterial cross‐species transmission using genetic and genomic markers: inferences from simulation modeling

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