“…Consistent with prior research there was continuity in maternal negative emotional functioning from the prenatal to postnatal period (Level et al, 2021) and PTE was associated with postnatal maternal negative emotional functioning (Godleski et al, 2018; Ostlund et al, 2021; Schuetze et al, 2019). Maternal negative emotional functioning may be directly related to poorer child ER through genetic heritability, given that variation in the 5-HTT gene confers susceptibility for ER (see Hariri & Forbes, 2007).…”