Wisconsin's Forests 2009

Perry, Charles H.; Everson, V.A.; Butler, Brett J.; Crocker, Susan J.; Dahir, Sally E.; Diss-Torrance, Andrea L.; Domke, Grant M.; Gormanson, Dale D.; Herrick, Sarah K.; Hubbard, Samuel; Mace, Terry; Miles, Patrick D.; Nelson, Mark D.; Rodeout, Richard B.; Saunders, Luke T.; Stueve, Kirk M.; Wilson, Barry T.; Woodall, Christopher W.

doi:10.2737/nrs-rb-67

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…Tornados and gales associated with intense low pressure also cause wind damage, but non-tornadic winds associated with thunderstorms inflict the most damage to forests (Peterson 2004). The contemporary landscape of the area is also partly a product of extensive logging and development (Radeloff et al 2005, Perry et al 2008, Pugh et al 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological importance of intermediate windstorms rivals large, infrequent disturbances in the northern Great Lakes

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Exogenous disturbances are critical agents of change in temperate forests capable of damaging trees and influencing forest structure, composition, demography, and ecosystem processes. Forest disturbances of intermediate magnitude and intensity receive relatively sparse attention, particularly at landscape scales, despite influencing most forests at least once per generation. Contextualizing the spatial extent and heterogeneity of such damage is of paramount importance to increasing our understanding of forested ecosystems. We investigated patterns of intermediate wind disturbance across a forested landscape in the northern Great Lakes, USA. A vegetation change tracker (VCT) algorithm was utilized for processing near-biennial Landsat data stacks ) spanning forests sustaining damage from four recent windstorms. VCT predominantly maps stand-clearing disturbance and regrowth patterns, which were used to identify forest boundaries, young stands, and disturbance patterns across space and time. To map wind damage severity, we compared satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values calculated from pre-and post-storm Landsat imagery. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to derive wind damage predictor variables from VCT, digital terrain, soils/landform, land cover, and storm tracking data. Hierarchical and random forests regressions were applied to rank the relative importance of predictor variables in influencing wind damage.A conservative estimate of aggregate damage from the intermediate windstorms (extrapolated to ;150,000 ha, ;25,500 severe) rivaled individual large, infrequent disturbances in the region. Damage patterns were relatively congruent among storms and became more spatially heterogeneous with increasing disturbance intensity. Proximity to forest-nonforest edge, stand age, and soils/landform were consistently important damage predictors. The spatial extent and distribution of the first two damage predictors are extremely sensitive to anthropogenic modifications of forested landscapes, the most important disturbance agent in the northern Great Lakes. This provides circumstantial evidence suggesting anthropogenic activities are augmenting and/or diminishing the ecological effects of the natural wind disturbance regime. Natural disturbances of intermediate size and intensity are significant agents of change in this region, and likely in other regions, deserving more attention from ecologists and biogeographers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological importance of intermediate windstorms rivals large, infrequent disturbances in the northern Great Lakes

et al. 2011

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“…Industrial roundwood production in Wisconsin has been relatively stable over the last two decades at about 10 million cubic meters per year (Perry et al 2008). About two-thirds of this harvest is from northern Wisconsinan average of 7 million cubic meters per year since 1996 (Table 6).…”

Section: Carbon In Harvested Wood Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This means that losses of forest land to development and other nonforest land uses were less than additions to forest from other land uses such as cropland or pasture. About half of the counties in northern Wisconsin had either significant gains or significant losses in the total area of forest (Perry et al 2008). Although the forest inventory does not separately report the magnitudes of gains and losses of forest area but rather the net change, studies of land cover change indicate that deforestation claimed less than 10,000 ha per year from 1990 to 2001, inferring that more than 15,000 ha per year of afforestation would be needed to result in a net forest area increase of 146,000 ha from 1990 to 2009.…”

Section: Forest Area and Area Changementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This area includes three major forest ownership groups that were used for this assessment: National Forest, other public lands, and private lands which include land owned by tribes. Northern Wisconsin is the most heavily forested region of the state, containing 4.6 million ha, or about two-thirds of the state's total forest land (Perry et al 2008, Swanston et al 2011. The percentage of land with forest cover increases from south to north until almost all of the land area is forest.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The region's forests represent the transition from the more southerly broadleaf deciduous forest to the more northerly boreal forest. Deciduous hardwoods such as maples, ashes, and yellow birch tend to occupy high quality sites, while conifers such as pine, tamarack, and spruce occupy the less productive sites (Perry et al 2008). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Past and prospective carbon stocks in forests of northern Wisconsin: a report from the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest Climate Change Response Framework

Birdsey¹,

Pan²,

Janowiak³

et al. 2014

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This report assesses past and prospective carbon stocks for 4.5 million ha of forest land in northern Wisconsin, including a baseline assessment and analysis of the impacts of disturbance and management on carbon stocks. Carbon density (amount of carbon stock per unit area) averages 237 megagrams (Mg) per ha, with the National Forest lands having slightly higher carbon density than other ownership classes. Over the last decade, carbon stocks of northern Wisconsin forests have been increasing by about one teragram (Tg) per year or 0.22 megagrams per ha per year, with most of the increase in live biomass. Harvest, wind, and fire have been principal drivers of forest carbon dynamics over the last century. For all forest types in northern Wisconsin, there is potential to increase stocking on the land by allowing more of the forested area to reach older age classes or by increasing productivity. Opportunities to increase afforestation and reduce deforestation are limited, but the potential exists for utilizing biomass energy as a substitute for fossil fuels. There are several options for private landowners to participate in carbon markets or greenhouse gas registries and receive some credit for additional actions to reduce emissions or increase sequestration of carbon. The methods used here can be adapted for use by other regions or forests to assess carbon stocks and effects of management on future carbon stocks.Cover photo by Scott Pearson.

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