Wiring Stability of the Adult<i>Drosophila</i>Olfactory Circuit after Lesion

Berdnik, Daniela; Chihara, Takahiro; Couto, Africa; Luo, Liqun

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4941-05.2006

Cited by 89 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(64 reference statements)

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“…Using a microdissection technique, sLNv axons are reliably severed, and their response to injury is studied over several days. We find that the distal, severed, axon fragments degenerate in this preparation, as has been shown in vivo (Berdnik et al, 2006;Hoopfer et al, 2006;MacDonald et al, 2006). More importantly, as in mammals, very limited and weak regeneration of CNS axons occurs in the wildtype (wt) fly brain.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Recently, we and others developed methods to study traumatic brain injury in the fly CNS. Similar to their mammalian homologs, fly CNS neurons respond to injury by transient upregulation of the stress response c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathway (Leyssen et al, 2005) and by Wallerian degeneration of their distal axonal stumps (Berdnik et al, 2006;Hoopfer et al, 2006;MacDonald et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Axonal Injury and Regeneration in the Adult Brain of Drosophila

Ayaz¹,

Leyssen²,

Koch³

et al. 2008

Journal of Neuroscience

104

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Drosophila melanogaster is a leading genetic model system in nervous system development and disease research. Using the power of fly genetics in traumatic axonal injury research will significantly speed up the characterization of molecular processes that control axonal regeneration in the CNS. We developed a versatile and physiologically robust preparation for the long-term culture of the whole Drosophila brain. We use this method to develop a novel Drosophila model for CNS axonal injury and regeneration. We first show that, similar to mammalian CNS axons, injured adult wild-type fly CNS axons fail to regenerate, whereas adult-specific enhancement of protein kinase A activity increases the regenerative capacity of lesioned neurons. Combined, these observations suggest conservation of neuronal regeneration mechanisms after injury. We next exploit this model to explore pathways that induce robust regeneration and find that adultspecific activation of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase signaling is sufficient for de novo CNS axonal regeneration injury, including the growth of new axons past the lesion site and into the normal target area.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal Injury and Regeneration in the Adult Brain of Drosophila

Ayaz¹,

Leyssen²,

Koch³

et al. 2008

Journal of Neuroscience

104

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“…Fifth, there is no evidence of a requirement for neuronal activity for the establishment, refinement, or maintenance of the glomerular map. The antennal lobe map is remarkably stable even when all odor-evoked activity is eliminated (Larsson et al 2004) or when populations of target PNs or afferent OSNs are ablated Berdnik et al 2006). Therefore the insect antennal lobe is patterned by hard-wired, OR-and activity-independent mechanisms distinct from those used by mammals.…”

Section: Same But Different: Divergent Mechanisms Of Glomerular Targementioning

confidence: 98%

Topographic Mapping--The Olfactory System

Imai¹,

Sakano²,

Vosshall³

2010

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology

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Sensory systems must map accurate representations of the external world in the brain. Although the physical senses of touch and vision build topographic representations of the spatial coordinates of the body and the field of view, the chemical sense of olfaction maps discontinuous features of chemical space, comprising an extremely large number of possible odor stimuli. In both mammals and insects, olfactory circuits are wired according to the convergence of axons from sensory neurons expressing the same odorant receptor. Synapses are organized into distinctive spherical neuropils-the olfactory glomeruli-that connect sensory input with output neurons and local modulatory interneurons. Although there is a strong conservation of form in the olfactory maps of mammals and insects, they arise using divergent mechanisms. Olfactory glomeruli provide a unique solution to the problem of mapping discontinuous chemical space onto the brain.T he olfactory system detects airborne organic and inorganic chemicals that originate from plant and animal metabolites and environmental and industrial sources. Odors mediate both innate and learned behaviors such as attraction and aversion, governing decisions to eat, mate, attack or flee from aggressors and predators. A remarkable feature of the olfactory system is the extraordinary diversity of possible odor molecules that exist. Although accurate measurements can be made of the detection range of visual wavelengths or auditory frequencies in humans, there are no reliable estimates of the number of odorous molecules that exist on earth or those that can be detected by a given animal species (Gilbert 2008). Nevertheless, the number of possible odorants is thought to be high, in the range of many thousands. Beyond odor detection lies the problem of odor discrimination: how can chemicals with slightly different physical properties be discriminated and associated with distinct odor percepts?Experiments investigating the molecular logic of olfaction over the last 20 years have led to major insights into how animals solve the problem of detecting and discriminating a vast number of different odor stimuli (Axel 1995). Four organizational principles have emerged from this work. First, large numbers of distinct odorant receptor (OR) genes are dedicated

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“…Selective cell ablation or different olfactory experience leads to minimal changes in glomerular organization (Devaud et al 2003;Berdnik et al 2006).…”

Section: Refinement Maintenance and Synaptogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Control of Wiring Specificity in the Fly Olfactory System

Hong

Luo

2014

Genetics

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Precise connections established between pre-and postsynaptic partners during development are essential for the proper function of the nervous system. The olfactory system detects a wide variety of odorants and processes the information in a precisely connected neural circuit. A common feature of the olfactory systems from insects to mammals is that the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing the same odorant receptor make one-to-one connections with a single class of second-order olfactory projection neurons (PNs). This represents one of the most striking examples of targeting specificity in developmental neurobiology. Recent studies have uncovered central roles of transmembrane and secreted proteins in organizing this one-to-one connection specificity in the olfactory system. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of how this wiring specificity is genetically controlled and focus on the mechanisms by which transmembrane and secreted proteins regulate different stages of the Drosophila olfactory circuit assembly in a coordinated manner. We also discuss how combinatorial coding, redundancy, and error-correcting ability could contribute to constructing a complex neural circuit in general.

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Wiring Stability of the AdultDrosophilaOlfactory Circuit after Lesion

Cited by 89 publications

References 55 publications

Axonal Injury and Regeneration in the Adult Brain of Drosophila

Axonal Injury and Regeneration in the Adult Brain of Drosophila

Topographic Mapping--The Olfactory System

Genetic Control of Wiring Specificity in the Fly Olfactory System

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