Wireless wake-up sensor network for structural health monitoring of large-scale highway bridges

Kumberg, Timo; Tannhaeuser, R.; Schink, Marc; Schneid, Sascha; König, Stefan; Schindelhauer, Christian; Reindl, Leonhard M.

doi:10.14264/uql.2016.700

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Although wake-up receivers have many advantages and writer frequently reported devices in wireless sensor networks [4,5,6,7], there do not exist many MAC or routing protocols that support their use and the majority of existing protocols are only limited to simulations. Some existing protocols for wake-up receivers support single-hop communication only, like E2RMAC [22], WUR-MAC [23], RTWAC [19] and GWR-MAC [24].…”

Section: Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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T-ROME: A simple and energy efficient tree routing protocol for low-power wake-up receivers

et al. 2017

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Wireless sensor networks are deployed in many monitoring applications but still suffer from short lifetimes originating from limited energy sources and storages. Due to their low-power consumption and their on-demand communication ability, wake-up receivers represent an energy efficient and simple enhancement to wireless sensor nodes and wireless sensor network protocols. In this context, wake-up receivers have the ability to increase the network lifetime. In this article, we present T-ROME, a simple and energy efficient cross-layer routing protocol for wireless sensor nodes containing wake-up receivers. The protocol makes use of the different transmission ranges of wake-up and main radios in order to save energy by skipping nodes during data transfer. With respect to energy consumption and latency, T-ROME outperforms existing protocols in many scenarios. Here, we describe and analyze the cross layer multi-hop protocol by means of a Markov chain model that we verify using a laboratory test setup.

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Section: Protocolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As introduced in [6], the embedded software is implemented as a state machine as depicted in Figure 20. At the beginning, a sensor node is in SLEEP state in which it consumes only minimal energy.…”

Section: State Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

T-ROME: A simple and energy efficient tree routing protocol for low-power wake-up receivers

et al. 2017

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“…Figure 3a schematically shows the GNSS (global navigation satellite system) receiver node including its hardware blocks, which we also introduced in [41]. The node basically consists of the same hardware components as the sensor nodes introduced above in Figure 1, but is additionally equipped with a GNSS receiver.…”

Section: Gnss Sensor Nodementioning

confidence: 99%

A Wireless Sensor Network Using GNSS Receivers for a Short-Term Assessment of the Modal Properties of the Neckartal Bridge

Kumberg

Schneid²,

Reindl

2017

Applied Sciences

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Abstract:In this article, we present a novel structural health monitoring system based on a wireless sensor network for GNSS (global navigation satellite system) receivers. The GNSS network presented here consists of three GNSS rover stations and one base station that are deployed at the Neckartal bridge on the Autobahn A81 in southwest Germany. The newly-developed GNSS sensor nodes support satellite data logging up to a sampling rate of 20 Hz. Due to the ultra-low-power consumption achieved by the wake-up receiver during inactive periods, the nodes offer a lifetime from 20 to almost 200 days, without energy harvesting and depending on the satellite data logging period. By performing differential post-processing, precise positioning information in the millimeter range could be achieved. Using the GNSS sensors, we determined resonant frequencies at 0.33 Hz and 1.31 Hz, mainly in the lateral direction of the bridge. To verify the GNSS results, we placed an accelerometer on the bridge. The frequencies detected by the acceleration sensor correspond well to the frequencies found by the GNSS sensors, although the accelerometer measured further higher frequencies as it is probably more sensitive to small amplitudes.

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“…Recently, more and more wireless sensor networks consist of wireless sensor nodes that include wake-up receivers [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] that reside in a low-power stand-by state until they receive a wake-up massage. Only after receiving this message, or a sensor event, a sensor node wakes up to full operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wake-Up Receiver with Equal-Gain Antenna Diversity

Kumberg

Tannhaeuser

Reindl

2017

Sensors

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Small scale fading signals resulting from multipath propagation can cause signal strength variations in the range of several dB. Resulting from the fluctuating signal strengths, the wake-up packet reception rate can decrease significantly. Using antenna diversity can greatly mitigate these effects. This article presents a novel wireless sensor node with wake-up receiver that uses an equal-gain diversity method with two antennas in the wake-up path. Summation of the two diversity branch signals is done after the passive demodulation of the incoming signals. As a result, the wireless sensor node requires almost no additional active parts that would increase power consumption. Furthermore, we demonstrate experimentally the improved wake-up robustness and reliability achieved by this diversity technique in a multipath environment.

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Wireless wake-up sensor network for structural health monitoring of large-scale highway bridges

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

T-ROME: A simple and energy efficient tree routing protocol for low-power wake-up receivers

T-ROME: A simple and energy efficient tree routing protocol for low-power wake-up receivers

A Wireless Sensor Network Using GNSS Receivers for a Short-Term Assessment of the Modal Properties of the Neckartal Bridge

Wake-Up Receiver with Equal-Gain Antenna Diversity

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