T-ROME: A simple and energy efficient tree routing protocol for low-power wake-up receivers

Abstract

Wireless sensor networks are deployed in many monitoring applications but still suffer from short lifetimes originating from limited energy sources and storages. Due to their low-power consumption and their on-demand communication ability, wake-up receivers represent an energy efficient and simple enhancement to wireless sensor nodes and wireless sensor network protocols. In this context, wake-up receivers have the ability to increase the network lifetime. In this article, we present T-ROME, a simple and energy efficient cross-layer routing protocol for wireless sensor nodes containing wake-up receivers. The protocol makes use of the different transmission ranges of wake-up and main radios in order to save energy by skipping nodes during data transfer. With respect to energy consumption and latency, T-ROME outperforms existing protocols in many scenarios. Here, we describe and analyze the cross layer multi-hop protocol by means of a Markov chain model that we verify using a laboratory test setup.

Multimodal wireless sensor networks based on Wake-up radio receivers: An nalytical model for energy consumption

“…Traditional MAC protocols for WSNs are based on low-duty-cycling approaches, where SNs switch between sleep and active states, and vice versa, following a predefined or on-demand scheduling [5]. LDC approaches help reducing the energy consumed by overhearing and idle listening.…”

“…Piyare et al [2] made a comprehensive overview of WuRx based on MAC protocols and offered an extended taxonomy of WuRx based on routing protocols compare to Djiroun and Djenouri's work [1]. They concluded that the lifetime of the SNs could be further extended by combining WuRx capabilities with selective addressing and routing duties (e.g., T-ROME [5]) while meeting latency requirements comparable to SNs that use a single radio.…”

“…Hence, the energy consumed by these SNs during their active period, E non−dst , states in equation (4). Therefore, the total energy consumed by each event to deliver it towards the sink (only if a wake-up event occurs), e wakeupevent , considering equations (2) and (4), is given by the equation (5).…”

A Wireless Sensor Network Using GNSS Receivers for a Short-Term Assessment of the Modal Properties of the Neckartal Bridge

“…Additionally, the expected total amount of data received from the GNSS receiver is quite high. For this reasons, we used a cross-layer routing protocol [32,42] that is able to transmit large data packets with only a few control bytes, as depicted in Figure 8, which shows a data packet consisting of eight control bytes and one to 246 data bytes.…”

“…Wireless sensor networks consist of sensor nodes, which are self-or battery-powered small units and communicate wirelessly with each other. of data resulting from this high sampling rate, we use a wake-up receiver-based cross-layer routing protocol that is able to transfer large data packets without many overhead data [32].…”