Wireless Sensor Network Structural Design and Protocols: A Survey

Abstract

The scattered nature and active topology of wireless sensor networks (WSN) have some particular requirements -reduced energy consumption and extended network's lifetime. The paper provides a brief introduction about the wireless sensor network including the widely adopted architecture of wireless sensor network and wireless sensor node. The paper also focuses in critical issues of wsn that includes energy per packet, lower energy consumption, average packet delay, energy spent per round, packet size, distance, time until first node dies. The paper focuses on hierarchical routing protocols which are based on network structure scheme and explains how neural networks are helpful in providing energy efficiency to wireless sensor networks.

Open Issues for Intelligent Connectivity Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and IoT: State of the Art

“…A wireless sensor network differs fundamentally from any conventional wireless network in several ways [16]. Structured and unstructured WSNs are the categories into which WSNs are classified [17]. The network in the unstructured WSN is unattended to perform reporting and monitoring functions, making it challenging to perform network maintenance, such as detecting a failure and managing connectivity.…”

“…Coverage [17] is one of the measurements of WSN quality of service (QoS) that is affected by the sensing range (𝑟 𝑠 ) of the sensor node. The target area is fully covered if every point of the area is within the sensing range of at least one sensor node.…”

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs): New trends in Secure Routing Techniques

“…When it comes to energy, WSNs consume less energy than any traditional network, and it is easy to expand or reduce the coverage area. WSNs are divided into two sectors: structured and unstructured WSNs [8]. The Unstructured WSNs consists of a massive number of tiny randomly deployed nodes in the area, the network in the unstructured WSN is unattended to perform reporting and monitoring functions, and it is hard to perform network maintenance as detecting a failure and managing connectivity.…”

“…WSNs could be utilized in many applications in this field such as machine health monitoring where sensors have been deployed in machine maintenance, water waste monitoring which can monitor water levels and the quality of underground and surface water, and structural health monitoring where WSNs can have control over civil infrastructure [7]. The sensor nodes consist of the radio transceiver, microcontroller, energy source, and external memory [8]. The radio transceiver connected to the internal or external antenna which transfers data and receives commands from the base station.…”