Wireless Moisture Sensor Using a Microstrip Antenna

Toba, Tatsuo; Kitagawa, Akio

doi:10.1155/2011/827969

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Finally, the proposed sensor is compared to other published results in References in terms of F r , measurement error, structure type, and the distance between the sample and the sensor as listed in Table . It is found that the proposed sensor shows the minimum measurement error with a single port network and far away from the sample of 100 mm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is found that the proposed sensor shows the minimum measurement error with a single port network and far away from the sample of 100 mm. However, the proposed sensor in Reference may show good sensing ability at 500 mm, but the structure is based on two‐port network that adds more complexity in the design due to the back scattering process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, this approach overcomes the direct contamination during sensing. Nevertheless, it can avoid the limitations of spatial resolution with the same consequent during measurements . Moreover, the monitored parameters of antennas, such as, S 11 change, F r tuning, or matching impedance, also can be used in reception and transmission data.…”

Section: Hypothesis Of the Sensing Philosophymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, they received intensive interests in the research of biological detection . Nevertheless, printed antennas are susceptible to deterioration in their performance when a lossy object, dielectric or conductor, is placed in the near field of the antenna . Thus, a frequency resonance ( F r ) shift, polarization change, S 11 variation, and/or distortions in radiation patterns may be caused .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the capacitive sensors show several advantages over other types of sensors such as: no need for physical contamination, which it can be done through air, plastic, or any other low dielectric material comparable to the air. Next, the ability of measuring the capacitive changes from the sensor electrodes that are connected to the feed structure of the printed antennas as developed in . However, the integration of these sensors with wearable devices may add several problems to the design features such as the difficulty of size reduction, biocompatibility, complexity, high cost, and radiation absorption hazards on the human body due to long usage .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metamaterial based a printed monopole antenna for sensing applications

Elwi

2018

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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The applications of metamaterials (MTM) based on interdigital capacitor (Cint) and via that extends the function of conventional printed antennas to encompass passive wireless sensor at microwave frequencies is presented in this article. The proposed antenna consists of two rectangular arms of Cint connected to a printed microstrip monopole with six shorting via wires soldered to the ground plane. The size of the whole antenna structure, including the proposed MTM, is found to be less than 0.45λ at 1.35 GHz. The antenna performances, in terms of return losses (S11), bandwidth (BW), gain (Go), and radiation patterns, are measured in the free space environments. To characterize the sensing properties, the antenna performance is tested in close to different types of water. It is found that the antenna exhibits a significant change in the S11 spectra relatively to the water introduction. These advancements in the performance of the antenna are believed due to the MTM structures. The antenna shows excellent matching over several bands, however, only the resonance mode at 1.35 GHz, which the gain is relatively high, is used for sensing. The sensing mechanism is based on the S11 spectrum change.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypothesis Of the Sensing Philosophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metamaterial based a printed monopole antenna for sensing applications

Elwi

2018

Int J RF Microw Comput Aided Eng

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Soil Sensors and Plant Wearables for Smart and Precision Agriculture

et al. 2021

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a compelling need to utilize advanced technologies in the agriculture sector to increase agricultural productivity and reduce food losses to guarantee food security. [2] In this regard, "smart agriculture" or "precision agriculture" has been attracting increasing attention due to its capability for using less to grow more compared to traditional agricultural practices. In addition, it improves the quality of the work environment and social aspects of farming, ranching, and other relevant professions. [4] Smart agriculture comprises a set of technologies that combines sensors, information systems, enhanced machinery, and informed management to optimize production by accounting for variabilities and uncertainties within sustainable agricultural systems. [3][4][5] Among the set of technologies, advanced sensing systems that monitor soil health and conditions and crop developments are of paramount importance because they collect and evaluate critical data for decision making and management, especially when crop growth conditions vary considerably over space and time. Spatial variation may result from soil properties, diseases, weeds, pests, and previous land management. In particular, some soil properties (e.g., moisture, pH, nutrients) and plant diseases may form long-term spatial patterns. Temporal variability arises from weather patterns and management practices. In summary, the soil properties relevant to crop growth include a range of soil conditions including soil gas, moisture, temperature, nutrients, pH, and pollutants in the soil (Figure 1). [6,7] Monitoring the soil conditions will provide key information not only to improve resource utilization to maximize farming outputs and minimize environmental side effects but also to build site-specific databases of relationships between soil conditions and plant growth for intelligent and sustainable agriculture systems. Traditionally, soil properties are measured by soil sampling and offsite laboratory analysis or by on-site measurement to provide an extensive knowledge of soil information. [8] Seasonally varying crop growth conditions, such as water stress, lack of nutrients, diseases, weeds, and insects, are evaluated by visual inspection and laboratory analysis of plant tissues. The relatively periodically coarse sampling/measurement rate of these conventional strategies may not be sufficient to reveal variation at the appropriate spatial and temporal resolution. Novel technologies for collecting soil information with sufficient spatiotemporal resolutions are in demand to build efficient smart or precision agriculture systems. With the Soil sensors and plant wearables play a critical role in smart and precision agriculture via monitoring real-time physical and chemical signals in the soil, such as temperature, moisture, pH, and pollutants and providing key information to optimize crop growth circumstances, fight against biotic and abiotic stresses, and enhance crop yields. Herein, the recent advances of the important soil sensors in agricultural applications, in...

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Microstrip patch antenna as a paper moisture sensor

Bansode

Tanti²,

Joshi³

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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This paper reports the use of non destructive, microstrip patch antenna as paper moisture sensor. Microstrip patch antenna is designed to resonate at 2.4GHz. This design is simulated and fabricated on copper clad type FR4 (εr= 4.4) having thickness of 1.6mm. Patch dimension are 27mm × 30mm and substrate dimension is 63mm × 60mm. The microstrip transmission line is used to provide excitation for the antenna. This design for microstrip patch antenna after fabrication showed a resonance at 2.38 GHz on vector network analyzer at S11=-19.38dB with impedance =49Ω. The variations in frequency in relation with water content in the paper is measured using Vector Network Analyzer by placing wet paper on the patch antenna. Moisture content in the paper was found out by taking wet weight and dry weight of the paper. The model of the wet paper is recommended primarily on the basis of water-dry paper reactions, along with the thickness and surface roughness explaining tendencies of the sensitivity graphs. Paper samples of 13 different types, with different GSM values and thicknesses, havingdimensions same as that of the substrate were tested. From the results it is observed that as the moisture content in the paper increases the frequency decreases. The change in frequency with respect to the moisture content is seen to have quadratic relation with moisture. The variations in the frequency are fitted in the form of equations. The calculated %Mwet indicates an error around ±0-4% in the calculated value as compared to the actual value. The response of sensor is almost linear with respect to the references but the coefficients depend non-linearly with the paper dimension.

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Wireless Moisture Sensor Using a Microstrip Antenna

Cited by 9 publications

References 10 publications

Metamaterial based a printed monopole antenna for sensing applications

Metamaterial based a printed monopole antenna for sensing applications

Soil Sensors and Plant Wearables for Smart and Precision Agriculture

Microstrip patch antenna as a paper moisture sensor

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