Wireless Communication for Heavy Haul Railway Tunnels Based on Distributed Antenna Systems

Shuo, Tianluan; Zhao, Kun; Wu, Hao

doi:10.1109/vtcspring.2016.7504534

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Here, an extra antenna is used, one for handover and other for data communication with the base station. In [19], a radio-over-fibre based approach has been proposed to provide communications inside long tunnels using distributed antenna systems, and performing HO over these antennae. In [20], a multiple-tunnel based approach with multiple interfaces and a modified "Hierarchical Mobile IPv6" (HMIPv6) Mobility Management method, is considered.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of SMARTHO -- A Network Initiated Handover mechanism in NG-RAN, on P4-based Xilinx NetFPGA switches

Palagummi,

Sivalingam

2020

Preprint

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This report deals with the design of handover schemes for radio access networks (RAN) in 5G networks, using programmable data plane switches. The network architecture is expected to be a centralized cloud infrastructure, connected via a backhaul network to many edge-computing clouds that are closer to the end-user. Some of the network services can be implemented in edge devices to improve network performance.In 5G networks, the C-RAN architecture splits the Base Band Unit (BBU) into Central and Distributed Units (CU and DU). This structure has created a mid-haul Network, connecting CUs and DUs. The mid-haul network has created a dataplane challenge that does not exist in traditional distributed RANs -the need for efficient connections between the CUs and DUs. Traditional encapsulation techniques can be used to transport packets across the CU and DU. However, the recent advancements in dataplane programmability can be used to enhance the system performance. In this report, we show how P4 switches can be used to parse the packets between DU, CU, and Back Haul (Core Network) for potential system improvements. In particular, we consider the scenario of mobile handover, that arises when a user moves between different cells in the mobile network. The proposed protocol is called SMARTHO, illustrating a smart handover.Programming Protocol-Independent Packet Processors (P4) is a programming language designed to support specification and programming the forwarding plane behavior of network switches/routers. With P4 switches, the protocol designer can define customized packet headers, parsing of headers, and defining new match-action routines. In SMARTHO, we use P4 Switches to intervene in the handover process for fixed-path mobile users. Such users could be those in a train, drones, devices with high-degree of predictable mobility, etc. A resource pre-allocation scheme that reserves resources before the UE reaches a future cell, is proposed. The solution is implemented using a P4-based switch introduced between the CU and the DU. The P4 switch is used to spoof the behavior of User Equipment (UE) and perform the resource allocation in advance. This is expected to reduce the handover time as the user moves along its path.The proposed SMARTHO framework is implemented in the mininet emulation environment and in a reconfigurable hardware environment using NetFPGA-SUME boards. For Mininet based simulation, we used virtual hosts connected using P4 switches, using the P4 behavior model (P4BMv2) software switch. User and control traffic is also generated to simulate the mobile traffic and measure the HO performance. User traffic is represented using ICMP ping packets over a tag. The results show a handover response time improvement of 18% for a tandem of two HOs and 25% for a tandem of three HOs. For testbed implementation, we used

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Implementation of SMARTHO -- A Network Initiated Handover mechanism in NG-RAN, on P4-based Xilinx NetFPGA switches

Palagummi,

Sivalingam

2020

Preprint

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“…In [100], the BER performance of a subway tunnel communication systems was studied by considering the space diversity techniques, such as MRC and cyclic delay diversity. Furthermore, the implementation of DAS in railway tunnel communication systems was evaluated in [101] by analyzing the coverage efficiency. In the future, some new technologies, such as Massive MIMO, can be applied to HSTs to boost their performance.…”

Section: System Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

Channel measurements and models for high-speed train wireless communication systems in tunnel scenarios: a survey

Liu

Ghazal

Wang

et al. 2017

Sci. China Inf. Sci.

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The rapid developments of high-speed trains (HSTs) introduce new challenges to HST wireless communication systems. Realistic HST channel models play a critical role in designing and evaluating HST communication systems. Due to the length limitation, bounding of tunnel itself, and waveguide effect, channel characteristics in tunnel scenarios are very different from those in other HST scenarios. Therefore, accurate tunnel channel models considering both large-scale and small-scale fading characteristics are essential for HST communication systems. Moreover, certain characteristics of tunnel channels have not been investigated sufficiently. This article provides a comprehensive review of the measurement campaigns in tunnels and presents some tunnel channel models using various modeling methods. Finally, future directions in HST tunnel channel measurements and modeling are discussed.Keywords 5G, HST, tunnel scenarios, tunnel channel measurements, tunnel channel models, non-stationary statistical properties. CitationLiu Y, Ghazal A, Wang C X, et al. Channel measurements and models for high-speed train wireless communication systems in tunnel scenarios: a survey. Sci China Inf Sci, 2016, 59(1): xxxxxx, doi: xxxxxxxxxxxxxx IntroductionHigh-speed trains (HSTs) have experienced a rapid development recently [1], and wireless technologies for HST communications will be considered as an important issue in the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication networks [2]. With the number of HST users increasing, numerous communication data need to be transmitted to train passengers through wireless channels. Therefore, high-capacity and reliable HST communication networks regardless of users' locations or speeds, are required. In order to meet these requirements, HST wireless communication systems need to mitigate various challenges resulting from the high * Corresponding author (email: cheng-xiang.wang@hw.ac.uk) 2 Liu Y, et al. Sci China Inf Sci speed of the train, such as frequent handovers, large Doppler spreads, and fast travel through different HST scenarios [3]. Currently, the most widely used HST communication system is the Global System for Mobile Communication Railway (GSM-R) [4]. It can be used for the train communication and control. However, it cannot satisfy the increasing communication requirements of high data rates. In recent years, the Long-Term Evolution-Railway (LTE-R) system, which is based on the LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) system, has been recommended to replace the GSM-R. Both of them adopted the conventional network architecture in which HST users inside the train communicate with outdoor base stations (BSs) directly. However, such an architecture results in high penetration losses when the signals travel into the carriages and leads to a spotty coverage, which will result in the handover failure or the high drop calls rate [4]. To overcome the above problems, the promising mobile relay station (MRS) solution has been proposed for future HST communication systems to solve the spotty coverage problem and mitigate ...

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Channel measurements and models for high-speed train wireless communication systems in tunnel scenarios: a survey

et al. 2017

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Wireless Communication for Heavy Haul Railway Tunnels Based on Distributed Antenna Systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Design and Implementation of SMARTHO -- A Network Initiated Handover mechanism in NG-RAN, on P4-based Xilinx NetFPGA switches

Design and Implementation of SMARTHO -- A Network Initiated Handover mechanism in NG-RAN, on P4-based Xilinx NetFPGA switches

Channel measurements and models for high-speed train wireless communication systems in tunnel scenarios: a survey

Channel measurements and models for high-speed train wireless communication systems in tunnel scenarios: a survey

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