Wireless closed-loop control of centrifugo-pneumatic valving towards large-scale microfluidic process integration

Abstract

We present for the first time an integrated wirelessly powered Arduino processor and Bluetooth interface that are co-rotated with the cartridge to allow large-scale process integration on a centrifugal microfluidic platform. This highly modular, electronically controlled "Lab-on-aDisc" system (eLoaD) can independently actuate up to 128 normally-closed valves by an array of microheaters during rotation for comprehensive, highly parallelized sample-toanswer automation. Additionally, we implement real-time optical (colour intensity) measurement for closed-loop control of liquid handling, sample preparation and detection.

On-Board Reagent Storage and Release by Solvent-Selective, Rotationally Opened Membranes – A Digital Twin Approach

“…The permanently gas filled parts of reservoirs may be placed at distal locations as long as they are still pneumatically connected through conduits, e.g., to make efficient use of precious disc real estate required for multiplexed assay panels. The pneumatic seals may also be removed through secondary mechanism, e.g., akin to venting procedures implemented for centrifugo-pneumatic valves based on mechanical [76], laser- [82,106] or pneumatic [37,66,86,[88][89][90][91][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] principles. its multiparameter space have been modelled to characterize system robustness and behavior in silico.…”

“…In principle, the disc could be halted for valve opening, for instance, by a manual or instrument-based, e.g., mechanical, thermal or radiation-based actuator [75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83]. However, it is usually preferrable to keep the disc-based liquid volumes at bay by at least moderate centrifugation, which requires a corotating power source, e.g., through pneumatic pumps [84,85] or electro-thermal or radiative units for melting sacrificial barriers film [83,86,87].…”

On-board reagent storage and release by solvent-selective, rotationally opened membranes: a digital twin approach

“…In principle, the disc could be halted for valve opening, for instance, by a manual or instrument-based, e.g., mechanical, thermal or radiation-based actuator (Mishra et al 2017;Kinahan et al 2016b;SpinX Technologies 2021;Abi-Samra et al 2011b;Kong et al 2015;Al-Faqheri et al 2013;García-Cordero et al 2009Torres Delgado et al 2018). However, it is often preferrable to keep the disc-based liquid volumes at bay through, at least moderate, centrifugation; such suppression of flow during spinning involves co-rotating power sources, e.g., pneumatic pumps (Clime et al 2015(Clime et al , 2019 or electro-thermal or radiative units for melting sacrificial barriers film (Torres Delgado et al 2018;Kinahan et al 2018;Delgado et al 2018).…”

Anti-Counterfeit Technologies for Microfluidic “Lab-on-a-Disc” Systems

“…Amongst the numerous variations of the theme [44,45,[74][75][76][77][78][79][80], so-called centrifugo-pneumatic (CP) dissolvable-film (DF) siphon valves have recently been highlighted for their superior flow control, operational robustness, manufacturability and configurability towards implementing fluidic largerscale integration (LSI) at the backbone of sample-to-answer automation of parallelized, multi-analyte bioassay panels [80][81][82][83].…”