Wireless Channel Analysis Between 25 and 40 GHz in an Intra-Wagon Environment for 5G Using a Ray-Tracing Tool

Abstract

Metro and railway systems are one of the most used transportation systems for people in almost all countries. Nevertheless, the access to high throughput wireless services is still very limited inside the wagons (cars). A deep analysis of the wireless channel inside wagons is needed to deploy new efficient and high throughput networks as the ones provided by fifth-generation (5G) systems. Although several works have analyzed the intrawagon channel, some limitations are usually present: only certain user equipment-access point situations were considered, the number of studied propagation mechanisms was limited, and only some channel parameters were extracted. For these reasons, in this work the wireless channel in an intra-wagon environment is thoroughly analyzed using simulations performed with a ray-tracing tool calibrated and validated with wideband measurements. Thanks to the accurate ray-tracing tool the main replicas are identified in different typical user equipment-access point positions; the contribution of each propagation mechanism to the total power is extracted; and the angular spread in azimuth and elevation for the direction of arrival and departure are obtained. This analysis is performed in the frequency range from 25 to 40 GHz, where spectrum for several 5G bands has been already allocated.

Channel characteristics analysis of millimetre‐wave bands in Hyperloop scenarios based on ray‐tracing

“…Ray-tracing is a deterministic method that is widely used because of its high accuracy, particularly because electronic waves exhibit an obvious mechanism of reflection at high-frequency bands. Numerous works have used this method to analyse various scenarios, such as the works on vehicle-toinfrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) scenarios in [17,18], and the works on the intra-waggon environment for 5G between 25 and 40 GHz in [19]. The RT method is a channel modelling method with high accuracy and it was widely used and validated in the communication simulation in the existed environment.…”

A Multidimensional Structural Channel Similarity Index Measure Across Multiple Frequencies

“…Many works have focused on channel simulations and measurements across multiple frequency bands and environments. However, they have derived the channel correlations based on visual observation or statistical comparisons of channel parameters [11], [12]. For example, channel measurements were conducted in the bands of 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz in indoor and outdoor scenarios to study the channel property differences between the microwave band and the mmWave band [13].…”