Wireless and Traceable Sensors for Internally Illuminated Photoreactors

Demetz, David; Zott, Oliver; Sutor, Alexander

doi:10.1109/icit45562.2020.9067290

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The transmitter coil is therefore driven with a sine signal at a frequency of

. The receiver is an LC-tank tuned to the transmitting frequency with the receiver coil connected in parallel to a capacitor and a resistance [ 18 ]. Figure 2 shows the results of those measurements.…”

Section: Data Transmission In An Underwater Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transmitting frequency is set to

. The Hartley-oscillator is switched on and off using the square wave signal generated by our bit generator [ 18 ]. In this first step, the transmitter is supplied with energy via a cable.…”

Section: Measurement Hardwarementioning

confidence: 99%

“… Receiver signal amplitudes for different propagation media and receiver–transmitter distances [ 18 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“… Transmitter circuit: bit generator based on the integrated circuit LMC555 and the Hartley-oscillator [ 18 ]. …”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

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Inductive Tracking Methodology for Wireless Sensors in Photoreactors

Demetz

Sutor

2021

Sensors

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In this paper, we present a methodology for locating wireless sensors for the use in photoreactors. Photoreactors are, e.g., used to cultivate photosynthetic active microorganisms. For measuring important parameters like, e.g., the temperature inside the reactor, sensors are needed. Wireless locatable floating sensors would enable it to measure the data anywhere inside the reactor and to get a spatial resolution of the registered data. Due to the well defined propagation properties of magnetic fields and the fact that they are not significantly influenced in underwater environments when using low frequencies, a magnetic induction (MI) system is chosen for the data transmission as well as for the localization task. We designed an inductive transmitter and a receiver capable of measuring the magnetic field in every three spatial directions. The transmitting frequency is set at approx. 300kHz. This results in a wavelength of approx. 1km which clearly exceeds the dimensions of our measurement setup where the transmitter–receiver distances in general are lower than one meter. Due to this fact, only the quasi-static field component has to be considered and the location of the transmitter is calculated by measuring its magnetic field at defined positions and in using the magnetic dipole field equation in order to model its magnetic field geometry. The used measurement setup consists of a transmitter and two receivers. The first measurements were performed without a water filled photoreactor since no differences in the propagation criteria of magnetic fields are expected due to the negligibly low differences in the relative magnetic permeability of water and air. The system is calibrated and validated by using a LIDAR depth camera that is also used to locate the transmitter. The transmitter positions measured with the camera are therefore compared with the inductively measured ones.

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“…The transmitter coil is therefore driven with a sine signal at a frequency of

Section: Data Transmission In An Underwater Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transmitting frequency is set to

. The Hartley-oscillator is switched on and off using the square wave signal generated by our bit generator [ 18 ]. In this first step, the transmitter is supplied with energy via a cable.…”

Section: Measurement Hardwarementioning

confidence: 99%

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Inductive Tracking Methodology for Wireless Sensors in Photoreactors

Demetz

Sutor

2021

Sensors

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“…This can be attributed to the difference in light output due to the orientation of the WLE as the optimal RIC energy transfer takes place when both coils are aligned in parallel. [41] In the fixed bed, the WLE can be manually aligned perfectly when packing, as they will not move afterwards. In the bubble column mode, the WLE move but constantly realign themselves correctly due to a combination of their center of mass being The initial product generation rate in dependence of the number of emitters in the WLE system, represented as the fill factor at a total volume (V WLE + V R ) of 250 mL.…”

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confidence: 99%

Photochemistry at Scale: Wireless Light Emitters Drive Sustainability in Process Research & Development

et al. 2021

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Carbon−carbon bond formation by dual Iridium‐Nickel photoredox catalysis has gained a lot of attention for late‐stage cross‐couplings of alkyls with aryls. However, the scalability of such reactions is greatly impeded by the poor light penetration depth into the strongly absorbing reaction media. Wireless internal illumination is a novel technique which circumvents the light penetration issue efficiently and therefore allows to scale photon‐driven reactions by conventional methods. Here we demonstrate that industrially relevant photoredox C−C couplings can be scaled seamlessly to different volumes, achieving qualitatively and quantitatively the same results at all scales. The use of conventional reactor types allows stirred, bubble column or fixed‐bed operation mode and is fully compatible with heterogeneous reaction mixtures. By minimizing reflection losses, we could also show a significant advantage in the reaction rate over an externally illuminated setup at the same light intensity.

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Microalgae-based carbon capture and utilization: A critical review on current system developments and biomass utilization

Nguyen

et al. 2022

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Wireless and Traceable Sensors for Internally Illuminated Photoreactors

Cited by 4 publications

References 21 publications

Inductive Tracking Methodology for Wireless Sensors in Photoreactors

Inductive Tracking Methodology for Wireless Sensors in Photoreactors

Photochemistry at Scale: Wireless Light Emitters Drive Sustainability in Process Research & Development

Microalgae-based carbon capture and utilization: A critical review on current system developments and biomass utilization

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