Wire‐Shaped Flexible Dye‐sensitized Solar Cells

Fan, Xing; Chu, Zengze; Wang, Fuzhi; Zhang, Chao; Chen, Lin; Tang, Yanwei; Zou, Dechun

doi:10.1002/adma.200701249

Cited by 289 publications

(212 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

207

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…[735][736][737][738] Whereas solid-state confi guration would greatly simplify the assembly and device integration (into cloths, fabrics or mats) protocols, the manufacturing complexity constrained the realization so far to liquid electrolyte based confi gurations. Wire-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells, [739][740][741][742] nanowire based piezoelectric energy scavengers [ 251,743 ] as well as supercapacitor and batteries [ 269,281,298 ] (see Section 4.1 for a thorough description) have been actively developed over the past few years in view of their integration into smart cloth and wearable electronics. Hybridization of these technologies was a logic continuation of this effort.…”

Section: Hybrid Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Vlad

Singh

Galande

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

277

204

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

all need to be used in conjugation with an energy storage system to provide smooth power leveling. Currently, electrochemical energy storage systems are by far the most optimal solutions for powering a broad range of technologies, expanding from compact and light-weighted portable electronic devices to stationary gridscale energy storage applications. [3][4][5][6] These energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors) store the available electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and release it whenever needed, by simply reversing the electrochemical reaction. [7][8][9][10][11] Among various available battery chemistries, lithium batteries and supercapacitors are the most promising technologies. [ 7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Ever since the realization of the fi rst electrochemical energy storage cell by Alessandro Volta (end of 17th century), the working principle and its function has changed very little. [ 21,22 ] Basically, two redox couples (or charge storage electrodes), electrically and physically separated, are bridged by an ion conducting medium to constitute an electrochemical cell. This holds true also for modern Li-ion batteries, although the chemistry involved is much more complex. During operation, the electrons are transferred through an external circuit while ions shuttle through the electrolyte to counterbalance the depleted charge at the electrodes. [ 23 ] So far, much of the effort has been directed towards improvement of the energy and power characteristics by downsizing the active components, re-engineering the current collectors and separators, as well as fi ne-tuning the Batteries have become fundamental building blocks for the mobility of modern society. Continuous development of novel battery chemistries and electrode materials has nourished progress in building better batteries. Simultaneously, novel device form factors and designs with multi-functional components have been proposed, requiring batteries to not only integrate seamlessly to these devices, but to also be a multi-functional component for a multitude of applications. Thus, in the past decade, along with developments in the component materials, the focus has been shifting more and more towards novel fabrication processes, unconventional confi gurations, and additional functionalities. This work attempts to critically review the developments with respect to emerging electrochemical energy storage confi gurations, including, amongst others, paintable, transparent, fl exible, wire or cable shaped, ultra-thin and ultra-thick confi gurations, as well as hybrid energy storage-conversion, or graphene-incorporated batteries and supercapacitors. The performance requirements are elaborated together with the advantages, but also the limitations, with respect to established electrochemical energy storage technologies. Finally, challenges in developing novel materials with tailored properties that would allow such confi gurations, and in designing easier manufacturing techniques that can be widely adopted ar...

show abstract

Section: Hybrid Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Vlad

Singh

Galande

et al. 2015

Advanced Energy Materials

277

204

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, the increasing surface area is limited by the requirement that the electron transport distance d remains significantly smaller than the electron diffusion length L n in order to minimize recombination of electrons with holes or other species. For wire-based SCs, in which light is illuminated perpendicular to the wire, [15,16] the shadow effect from the entangled wire shaped electrode may limit the enhancement in power efficiency.We report herein an innovative hybrid structure that integrates optical fibers and nanowire (NW) arrays as threedimensional (3D) dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) that have a significantly enhanced energy conversion efficiency. The ZnO NWs grow normal to the optical fiber surface and enhance the surface area for the interaction of light with dye molecules.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Fiber/Nanowire Hybrid Structures for Efficient Three‐Dimensional Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

2009

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Renewable and green energy are the technological drivers of the future economy. Solar cells (SCs) are one of the most important sustainable energy technologies that have the potential to meet the worlds energy demands.[1] Among the various approaches to SCs, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] the performance of dyesensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is largely influenced by the surface area of adsorbed light-harvesting molecules. Traditional DSSCs utilize a nanoparticle film for enhancing the SC conversion efficiency. [12,13] Photons absorbed by the dye monolayer create excitons that are rapidly split at the surface of the nanoparticles. After splitting, electrons are injected into the nanoparticles and holes move towards the opposite electrode by means of a redox species in an electrolyte. The surface area of the nanoparticle film and the effectiveness of charge collection by the electrodes determine the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell. The latter property has been improved by using aligned ZnO nanowire (NW) arrays, which provide direct electrical pathways for rapid collection of carriers generated throughout the device, and a full-sun efficiency of 1.5 % has been demonstrated. [14] However, the design is still based on a two-dimensional (2D) planar substrate, which has a relatively low surface area that limits the dye loading capacity and restricts mobility and adaptability for remote operation. Moreover, the increasing surface area is limited by the requirement that the electron transport distance d remains significantly smaller than the electron diffusion length L n in order to minimize recombination of electrons with holes or other species. For wire-based SCs, in which light is illuminated perpendicular to the wire, [15,16] the shadow effect from the entangled wire shaped electrode may limit the enhancement in power efficiency.We report herein an innovative hybrid structure that integrates optical fibers and nanowire (NW) arrays as threedimensional (3D) dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) that have a significantly enhanced energy conversion efficiency. The ZnO NWs grow normal to the optical fiber surface and enhance the surface area for the interaction of light with dye molecules. The light illuminates the fiber from one end along the axial direction, and its internal reflection within the fiber creates multiple opportunities for energy conversion at the interfaces. In comparison to the case of light illumination normal to the fiber axis from outside the device (2D case), the internal axial illumination enhances the energy conversion efficiency of a rectangular fiber-based hybrid structure by a factor of up to six for the same device. Furthermore, the absolute full-sun efficiency (AM 1.5 illumination, 100 mW cm À2 ) is increased to 3.3 %, which is 120 % higher than the highest value reported for ZnO NWs grown on a flat substrate surface and 47 % higher than that of ZnO NWs coated with a TiO 2 film. This research demonstrates a new approach from 2D to 3D solar cells with advantages of high efficiency, expanded mo...

show abstract

“…6,7 To address such these issues, several types of three dimensional architectures have been proposed that provide confinement of the optical field resulting in extremely long optical paths within the device for optimized absorption. Optical Confinement Geometry Organic photovoltaics (OCGOPV) such as Fiber-based PV, [8][9][10] Tube-based PV, 11 Fiber bundle PV 12 , stamped fiber PV, 12 fiber nanowire hybrid dye sensitized PV, 13 and others, [14][15][16][17][18] have been intensely studied recently. Some examples are shown in Figure 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence on open-circuit voltage by optical heterogeneity in three-dimensional organic photovoltaics

Wang

Huang

et al. 2011

Phys. Rev. B

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In three dimensional photovoltaic architectures, heterogeneous optical intensity distributions throughout the structure may generally lead to modifications to the Jsc, Voc, and FF. In this work an equivalent circuit model has been developed to examine the impact on Voc by heterogeneous and homogeneous internal illumination. The model has been tested against data from planar cell and tube-based solar cells that utilize poly 3 hexythiophene: phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM). This has further been extended to predict optimum optical design for tube-based geometries in which organic photoconversion materials have been applied in both fabrication conditions. The result is that for such geometries to provide the best overall optical confinement and best power conversion performance, aspect ratios must be between 1 and 5. The resulting structure leads to best light capture together with best overall internal partitioning of optical power to achieve the highest possible Voc.

show abstract

Wire‐Shaped Flexible Dye‐sensitized Solar Cells

Cited by 289 publications

References 15 publications

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Design Considerations for Unconventional Electrochemical Energy Storage Architectures

Optical Fiber/Nanowire Hybrid Structures for Efficient Three‐Dimensional Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Influence on open-circuit voltage by optical heterogeneity in three-dimensional organic photovoltaics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About