Wintertime measurements of stratospheric HNO<sub>3</sub> as part of the ISY Polar Ozone Project

Fast, H.; McElroy, C. T.; Wardle, D. I.; Rosen, James M.

doi:10.1029/93gl02841

Geophysical Research Letters

1993

DOI: 10.1029/93gl02841

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Wintertime measurements of stratospheric HNO₃ as part of the ISY Polar Ozone Project

H. Fast

C. T. McElroy

D. I. Wardle

et al.

Abstract: Atmospheric infrared emission has been recorded with a scanning variable‐filter radiometer on eight stratospheric balloon flights at Alert, inside the arctic vortex, from December 1991 to March 1992. The radiometer and the data analysis for the determination of the altitude distribution of nitric acid vapour are described. The time development of the nitric acid altitude profile at Alert is presented. A sudden change in the profile and vertical column density appears to be associated with the mid‐January strat… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications

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Chemical change in the Arctic Vortex during AASE II

Traub¹,

Jucks²,

Johnson³

et al. 1994

Geophysical Research Letters

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We measured column abundances of HF, HCl, O 3 , HNO 3 , and H 2 O on the NASA DC-8 during the AASE II campaign, using thermal emission spectroscopy. We made multiple traversals of the Arctic vortex and surroundings. Using HF as a tracer, we remove the effects of subsidence from the measured column abundances; perturbations in the resulting column abundances are attributed to chemical processing. We find that by January 1992 the stratospheric column in the vortex had been chemically depleted by about (55 10)% in HCl and (35 10)% in O 3 , and enhanced by about (15 10)% in HNO 3 and (0 10)% in H 2 O.1

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Chemical change in the Arctic Vortex during AASE II

Traub¹,

Jucks²,

Johnson³

et al. 1994

Geophysical Research Letters

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Evidence for the removal of gaseous HNO₃ inside the arctic polar vortex in January 1992

Höpfner

Blom

Blumenstock

et al. 1996

Geophysical Research Letters

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Unexpectedly low column amounts of HNO3 (1.3×1016 cm−2) inside the Arctic polar vortex were obtained on January 9, 1992 by airborne FTIR emission measurements. After correction for dynamic variations it is concluded that about 40% of the column HNO3 had been removed from the gas phase. The observed depletion is consistent with a nearly equilibrium saturation of HNO3 over nitric acid trihydrate. It cannot be explained by the uptake of HNO3 in ternary H2SO4/H2O/HNO3 mixtures.

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Aircraft measurements of O₃, HNO₃ and N₂O in the winter Arctic lower stratosphere during the Stratosphere‐Troposphere Experiment by Aircraft Measurements (STREAM) 1

Bregman¹,

Velthoven²,

Wienhold³

et al. 1995

J. Geophys. Res.

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Simultaneous in situ measurements of O3, HNO3, and N2O were performed in the Arctic (68°–74°N) lower stratosphere during February 1993 on board a Cessna Citation aircraft up to 12.5 km altitude, during the first Stratosphere‐Troposphere Experiment by Aircraft Measurements (STREAM) campaign. Strong variations in the concentrations, distributions, and ratios of these trace gases were found from the maximum altitude down to the tropopause. Close to the tropopause, vortex air was present with relatively low N2O concentrations. The observed N2O‐HNO3 relation agrees with earlier measurements of total nitrogen and N2O inside the vortex, suggesting subsidence of vortex air across the bottom of the vortex. This air also contained low O3 concentrations relative to N2O, indicating enhanced O3 loss by chemical reactions involving stratospheric particles. Based on trajectory calculations and assuming a potential temperature cooling rate of 0.6 K d−1, we estimate an O3 loss of 4–7 ppbv d−1 (0.9–1.2% d−1), in the Arctic lower stratosphere for the period January–February 1993. Air parcels originating from middle latitudes, containing relatively low O3 and N2O concentrations, may have originated from the vortex earlier in the winter. In addition, the results also show high HNO3 concentrations relative to O3 and N2O. Air parcels originating from high latitudes may have been enriched in HNO3 by sedimentation and evaporation of nitric acid containing particles, which would explain the relatively high HNO3 concentrations and HNO3/O3 ratios measured. Heterogeneous chemistry on sulfuric acid particles, probably enhanced in concentration by gravitational settling of the Pinatubo aerosol, is the most plausible explanation for the observed high HNO3 concentrations relative to N2O in air parcels originating from midlatitudes.

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Wintertime measurements of stratospheric HNO₃ as part of the ISY Polar Ozone Project

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Chemical change in the Arctic Vortex during AASE II

Chemical change in the Arctic Vortex during AASE II

Evidence for the removal of gaseous HNO₃ inside the arctic polar vortex in January 1992

Aircraft measurements of O₃, HNO₃ and N₂O in the winter Arctic lower stratosphere during the Stratosphere‐Troposphere Experiment by Aircraft Measurements (STREAM) 1

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About

Wintertime measurements of stratospheric HNO3 as part of the ISY Polar Ozone Project

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Chemical change in the Arctic Vortex during AASE II

Chemical change in the Arctic Vortex during AASE II

Evidence for the removal of gaseous HNO3 inside the arctic polar vortex in January 1992

Aircraft measurements of O3, HNO3 and N2O in the winter Arctic lower stratosphere during the Stratosphere‐Troposphere Experiment by Aircraft Measurements (STREAM) 1

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Wintertime measurements of stratospheric HNO₃ as part of the ISY Polar Ozone Project

Evidence for the removal of gaseous HNO₃ inside the arctic polar vortex in January 1992

Aircraft measurements of O₃, HNO₃ and N₂O in the winter Arctic lower stratosphere during the Stratosphere‐Troposphere Experiment by Aircraft Measurements (STREAM) 1