Winter wheat growing in Ukraine: ecological assessment of technologies by the influence on soil fertility

Abstract

Modern technologies of winter wheat growing need to be improved taking into account the results of ecological evaluation of their impact on soil fertility indices. We aimed to assess the technologies of winter wheat growing in different soil and climatic conditions of Ukraine by their influence on soil fertility. It is known that in order to estimate ecological safety of crop growing technologies, it is advisable to use a method based on identifying negative impacts on soil fertility. We propose the group of deviation values from the optimum as follows: (i) strong, which leads to an unsatisfactory ecological condition (> 50 %), (ii) average that provides a satisfactory state (> 25 %, but < 50 %), (iii) moderate, which provides a normal state (≤ 10 %, but < 25 %), (iv) absent, an optimal condition is provided (< 10 %).It is revealed that technologies of winter wheat growing in the conditions of Polissya, Forest-steppe and Steppe Zones of Ukraine can have a negative influence on potassium regime in soils, the influence by intensity can vary from moderate to strong. In Polissya and Forest-steppe, winter wheat growing can lead to deterioration of soil pH status. In Steppe, along with the potassium regime, the technologies can negatively influence soil nitrogen status and the effect may be characterized as strong. Pridelava ozimne pšenice v Ukrajini: ekološka ocena tehnologij glede na vplive na rodovitnost talIzvleček: Moderne tehnologije pridelave ozimne pšenice je potrebno izboljšati glede na ekološko ovrednotenje njihovega vpliva na indekse rodovitnosti tal. Namen raziskave je bil oceniti tehnologije pridelave ozimne pšenice na različnih tleh in klimatskih razmerah Ukrajine po njihovem vplivu na rodovitnost tal. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je za oceno ekološke varnosti pridelave poljščin priporočljivo uporabiti metode, ki temeljijo na prepoznavanju negativnih učinkov na rodovitnost tal. Predlagamo naslednje skupine glede na odstopanja od optimalnega stanja: (i) močno odstopanje, ki vodi v nezadovoljive ekološke razmere (> 50 %), (ii) povprečno odstopanje, ki daje zadovoljivo stanje (> 25 %, a manj kot 50 %), (iii) zmerno odstopanje, ki daje normalno stanje (≤ 10 %, a manj kot 25 %), (iv) odstopanja ni, optimalno stanje (< 10 %).Ugotovljeno je bilo, da lahko imajo tehnologije pridelave ozimne pšenice v razmerah con polesja (Polissya), lesostepe (Forest-steppe) in stepe (Steppe) v Ukrajini negativni vpliv na režim kalija v tleh, jakost vpliva se spreminja od zmerne do močne. V polesju in lesostepi lahko pridelava ozimne pšenice vodi do poslapšanja pH tal. V stepi lahko tehnologije ob vplivu na režim kalija še močno negativno vplivajo na status dušika v tleh.Ključne besede: ekološko ovrednotenje; tehnologija pridelave; omejujoči dejavniki; rodovitnost tal

Influence of cultivation methods on the soil aggregate state in the context of weed development in winter wheat plantations

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Efficient Use of Solid and Water Soluble Fertilizers for Corn Production in the Northern Part of Steppe Zone of Ukraine

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