Winogradskyella exilis sp. nov., isolated from the starfish Stellaster equestris, and emended description of the genus Winogradskyella

Abstract

A pale-yellowish-pigmented strain, 022-2-26 T , was isolated from a starfish, Stellaster equestris. Cells of strain 022-2-26 T were Gram-negative short rods that were chemo-organotrophic, alkalitolerant and mesophilic. The predominant menaquinone was MK-6. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 1 , C 15 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH and iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH (together representing 87 % of the total fatty acids). The DNA G+C content was 30.1 mol%. A 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate was determined and phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain 022-2-26 T formed a robust clade (neighbour-joining algorithm with a bootstrap value of 95 % and parsimony and maximum-likelihood algorithms) with type strains of species in the genus Winogradskyella. The closest phylogenetic neighbour of strain 022-2-26 T was Winogradskyella poriferorum UST030701-295 T (96 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity; 59 differences between sequences). On the basis of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and the phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that strain 022-2-26 T represents a novel species, Winogradskyella exilis sp. nov. The type strain is 022-2-26 T (5KMM 6013 T 5CIP 109976 T ).The genus Winogradskyella was created within the family Flavobacteriaceae in 2005 to accommodate three species, Winogradskyella thalassocola, W. epiphytica and W. eximia, marine bacteria respectively isolated from the green alga Acrosiphonia sonderi and the brown algae Chorda filum and Laminaria japonica (Nedashkovskaya et al., 2005). A fourth species was described shortly afterwards: Winogradskyella poriferorum, isolated from a sponge (Lau et al., 2005). We report here the polyphasic characterization of a novel bacterium isolated from the starfish Stellaster equestris.The starfish was collected with dragging equipment in October 1998 at a depth of 100 m (30 % salinity, 15 u C) in the South China Sea (26 u 28.39 N 122 u 29.09 E). The starfish was pre-rinsed in sterilized seawater and a piece (about 3 g) of tegument tissue was removed aseptically. Strain 022-2-26 T was isolated from the tissue homogenates by plating samples (0.1 ml) on agar plates of marine agar 2216 (MA; Oxoid) and on medium B. Medium B contained (w/v) 0.2 % Bacto peptone (Difco), 0.2 % casein hydrolysate (Merck), 0.2 % Bacto yeast extract (Oxoid), 0.1 % glucose, 0.02 % KH 2 PO 4 , 0.005 % MgSO 4 . 7H 2 O and 1.5 % Bacto agar (Oxoid) in 50 % (v/v) natural seawater and 50 % (v/v) distilled water at pH 7.5-7.8, as described elsewhere (Ivanova et al., 1996).The phenotypic properties used for the characterization of Flavobacterium species were determined by using standard procedures (Smibert & Krieg, 1994) and as described elsewhere (McMeekin et al., 1971;Ivanova et al., 1996Ivanova et al., , 1998Ivanova et al., , 2005Bernardet et al., 2002). Strain 022-2-26 T was cultured at 22-24 u C. To test for spreading growth and gliding motility, strain 022-2-26 T was grown on medium B with the peptone content reduced to 0.02 % (0.2 g l 21 ). Gliding motility was verified by using ...

Winogradskyella litoriviva sp. nov., isolated from coastal seawater

“…DNA was isolated following the method of Marmur (1961) and the DNA G+C content was determined by the thermal denaturation method (Marmur & Doty, 1962). The DNA G+C content of strain KMM 6491 T was 31.3 mol%, a value in the range reported for recognized species of the genus Winogradskyella (Ivanova et al , 2010; Lau et al , 2005; Kim & Nedashkovskaya, 2010; Nedashkovskaya et al , 2005, 2009, 2012; Pinhassi et al , 2009).…”

“…The genus Winogradskyella, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae , was proposed by Nedashkovskaya et al (2005) to accommodate strictly aerobic, heterotrophic, gliding, yellow-pigmented and catalase- and oxidase-positive bacteria. Later, the genus was sequentially emended by Ivanova et al (2010), Yoon et al (2011), Nedashkovskaya et al (2012) and Begum et al (2013). At the time of writing, the genus Winogradskyella comprises 19 species with validly published names, all of which were isolated from different marine environments including seawater, marine sediments, seaweeds and invertebrate animals (Begum et al , 2013; Ivanova et al , 2010; Kang et al , 2013; Kim et al , 2013; Kim & Nedashkovskaya, 2010; Lau et al , 2005; Lee et al , 2012, 2013; Nedashkovskaya et al , 2005, 2009, 2012; Park et al , 2014; Park & Yoon, 2013; Pinhassi et al , 2009; Romanenko et al , 2009; Yoon et al , 2011; Yoon & Lee, 2012).…”

Winogradskyella eckloniae sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from the brown alga Ecklonia cava

“…At the time of writing, the genus comprised 20 species with validly published names (http://www.bacterio.net/). Members of the genus Winogradskyella have been isolated from various marine environments, such as marine animals (Lau et al , 2005; Nedashkovskaya et al , 2009; Ivanova et al , 2010), marine sediments (Romanenko et al , 2009; Begum et al , 2013; Kang et al , 2013; Kim et al , 2013; Park et al , 2014), seawater (Pinhassi et al , 2009; Kim & Nedashkovskaya, 2010; Yoon et al , 2011; Yoon & Lee, 2012; Lee et al , 2012, 2013) and seaweeds (Nedashkovskaya et al , 2005, 2012; Park & Yoon, 2013).…”

Winogradskyella crassostreae sp. nov., isolated from an oyster (Crassostrea gigas)

“…At the time of writing, the genus comprises 20 species with validly published names (http://www.bacterio.net/winogradskyella.html; Euzéby, 1997; Kim & Oh, 2012; Oren & Garrity, 2015). All members of the genus Winogradskyella have been isolated from a variety of marine environments and marine organisms (Lau et al , 2005; Nedashkovskaya et al , 2005, 2009, 2012; Pinhassi et al 2009; Romanenko et al , 2009; Ivanova et al , 2010; Yoon & Lee, 2012; Begum et al , 2013; Kang et al , 2013; Park & Yoon, 2013; Park et al , 2014). During the screening of novel marine bacteria from an oyster collected from the South Sea, South Korea, many novel bacterial strains have been isolated and characterized taxonomically.…”