Wing tuft colours in the progeny of single individuals of Simulium squamosum (Enderlein)

Onchocerciasis transmission in Ghana: biting and parous rates of host-seeking sibling species of the Simulium damnosum complex

“…If overall numbers were too great (>300 per day) sub-samples of five flies per hourly slot (per catching technique per day) were dissected. Each fly was individually anaesthetized using chloroform or ethyl acetate, placed on a microscope slide with a drop of saline solution and morphologically identified by scoring the colour of wing tufts [14], post-cranial hairs [5,15], and ninth tergite hairs [13], and by measuring the thorax/antenna ratio [12,13]. The colour of the fore-coxae used by some authors [10,55] to separate S. damnosum s.s. from S. sirbanum is unreliable since many individuals of both species and of S. squamosum with either dark or pale fore-coxae have been noted, especially in the eastern parts of the former OCP (R. Garms & RAC, unpublished data), and therefore this character was not used for species identification, although it helped to separate members of the S. sanctipauli sub-complex and S. yahense from the savannah species.…”

“…Thus, there is a paucity of information on host-seeking behaviour and spatiotemporal distributions of the various taxa, complicating assessment of their vectorial role and inclusion in O. volvulus transmission dynamics models. However, almost all adult blackflies from Ghana can now be fully distinguished to species using a combination of morphological [5,[12][13][14][15] and molecular techniques, with S. squamosum lacking a 10-base pair indel from the non-transcribed H3-H4 histone intergenic spacer region [16].…”

Programme africain de lutte contre l’onchocercose (APOC) : transmission d’Onchocerca volvulusparSimulium damnosumS. l. dans deux régions de la République Centrafricaine

“…Ces caractères concernent la teinte des touffes de soies situées à la base des ailes (Kurtak et al, 1981) et la teinte relative des antennes, de la procoxa, du prosternum et du mesonotum (Dang & Peterson, 1980;Garms & Zillmann, 1984 ;Baker et al, 1990 ;Wilson & Baker, 1991 ;Wilson et al, 1993). …”

Cytotaxonomy, morphology and molecular systematics of the Bioko form of Simulium yahense (Diptera: Simuliidae)

“…The colour of the fore coxa was scored as either pale or dark and the arculus was scored as pale, intermediate or dark, as described by Wilson et al (1993). The stem vein setae (wing tufts) were scored on a scale A-E (A, all pale; B, up to five dark hairs; C, mixed; D, up to five pale hairs; E, all dark; and O, character missing) according to Kurtak et al (1981), and the scutellar hairs, ninth abdominal tergite setae, basicostal setae, and postcranial hairs were scored in a similar way but considering all mixtures together (A, all pale; C, mixed; E, all dark; and O, character missing), as described by Wilson et al (1993). …”