Shape memory alloys (SMAs) show a particular behavior that is the ability to recuperate the original shape while heating above specific critical temperatures (shape memory effect) or to withstand high deformations recoverable while unloading (pseudoelasticity). In many cases the SMAs play the actuator's role. Starting from the origin of the shape memory effect, the mechanical properties of these alloys are illustrated. This paper presents a review of SMAs applications in the aerospace field with particular emphasis on morphing wings (experimental and modeling), tailoring of the orientation and inlet geometry of many propulsion system, variable geometry chevron for thrust and noise optimization, and more in general reduction of power consumption. Space applications are described too: to isolate the micro-vibrations, for low-shock release devices and self-deployable solar sails. Novel configurations and devices are highlighted too.Materials 2020, 13, 1856 2 of 16 and novelty of the proposals. Ni-Ti alloys are the most employed ones, but the subject is not limited to them.
Origin of the Shape Memory EffectFor the comprehension of the basic principles regarding the shape memory effect and pseudoelasticity, many contributions are useful. The crystallography of martensite, the transformation temperatures, and rate of martensite formation are discussed in details by Nishiyama [6].Materials 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 16 relevance, number of articles, and novelty of the proposals. Ni-Ti alloys are the most employed ones, but the subject is not limited to them.
Origin of the Shape Memory EffectFor the comprehension of the basic principles regarding the shape memory effect and pseudoelasticity, many contributions are useful. The crystallography of martensite, the transformation temperatures, and rate of martensite formation are discussed in details by Nishiyama [6]. Figure 1. Binary phase diagram of Ti-Ni alloy [7]. Figure 1