Wing Coupling in Bees and Wasps: From the Underlying Science to Bioinspired Engineering

Eraghi, Sepehr H.; Toofani, Arman; Khaheshi, Ali; Khorsandi, Mohammad; Darvizeh, A.; Gorb, Stanislav N.; Rajabi, Hamed

doi:10.1002/advs.202004383

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…We could tune all these features by changing the design variables of the double-spirals and controlling the structural stiffness in each direction. These characteristics can be a great advantage to many engineering structures, such as mechanical hinges [46,47] biomedical implants, [19] asymmetric casts and splints, [48] flexible body armors, [49] and loadbearing yet collision-resistant kites. [50] Programmed shape change in response to mechanical loads is another interesting property of the metastructures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double‐Spirals Offer the Development of Preprogrammable Modular Metastructures

2023

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Metamaterials with adjustable, sometimes unusual properties offer advantages over conventional materials with predefined mechanical properties in many technological applications. A group of metamaterials, called modular metamaterials or metastructures, are developed through the arrangement of multiple, mostly similar building blocks. These modular structures can be assembled using prefabricated modules and reconfigured to promote efficiency and functionality. Herein, a novel modular metastructure is developed by taking advantage of the high compliance of preprogrammable double‐spirals. First, the mechanical behavior of a four‐module metastructure under tension, compression, rotation, and sliding is simulated using the finite‐element method. Then, 3D printing and mechanical testing are used to illustrate the tunable anisotropic and asymmetric behavior of the spiral‐based metastructures in practice. The results show the simple reconfiguration of the presented metastructure toward the desired functions. The mechanical behavior of single double‐spirals and the characteristics that can be achieved through their combinations make our modular metastructure suitable for various applications in robotics, aerospace, and medical engineering.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double‐Spirals Offer the Development of Preprogrammable Modular Metastructures

2023

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“…One-way hinges and asymmetric bending and twisting are widespread in insect wings ( 1 , 2 , 12 , 19 , 24 – 27 ). They operate in flight, allowing the wings to deform automatically and asymmetrically between the upstroke and the downstroke and also in controlling the precise, complex patterns of folding and unfolding in the hind wings of beetles (Coleoptera) and of earwigs (Dermaptera) ( 17 , 18 , 28 , 29 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have tested and verified the scalability of some of the wing-derived strategies. A few examples include the development of durable kites, stiffness-varying splints, insect-inspired wings for medium-sized flapping-wing drones, airplane wing models and origami arms that resist collisions by undergoing reversible buckling, extensible robotic arms, confined-space crawling robots, and unlockable revolute joints ( 27 , 39 – 46 ). Based on our results, the double-layer membrane can work at different scales, but its effectiveness will clearly depend on overall size, relative wall thickness and section shape, and the properties of the material.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An insect-inspired asymmetric hinge in a double-layer membrane

Rajabi

Eraghi

Khaheshi

et al. 2022

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Insect wings are deformable airfoils, in which deformations are mostly achieved by complicated interactions between their structural components. Due to the complexity of the wing design and technical challenges associated with testing the delicate wings, we know little about the properties of their components and how they determine wing response to flight forces. Here, we report an unusual structure from the hind-wing membrane of the beetle Pachnoda marginata . The structure, a transverse section of the claval flexion line, consists of two distinguishable layers: a bell-shaped upper layer and a straight lower layer. Our computational simulations showed that this is an effective one-way hinge, which is stiff in tension and upward bending but flexible in compression and downward bending. By systematically varying its design parameters in a computational model, we showed that the properties of the double-layer membrane hinge can be tuned over a wide range. This enabled us to develop a broad design space, which we later used for model selection. We used selected models in three distinct applications, which proved that the double-layer hinge represents a simple yet effective design strategy for controlling the mechanical response of structures using a single material and with no extra mass. The insect-inspired, one-way hinge is particularly useful for developing structures with asymmetric behavior, exhibiting different responses to the same load in two opposite directions. This multidisciplinary study not only advances our understanding of the biomechanics of complicated insect wings but also informs the design of easily tunable engineering hinges.

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“…The longer venation size directly supports the wings to 2021). Hamuli load is the coupling of the hindwing on the forewing to ensure the two wings are moving together in flight (Chapman 1985, Basibuyuk & Quicke 1997, Hepburn & Radloff 2004, Eraghi et al 2021.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Morphometric Characteristic of Apis cerana Fabricius (1793) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Various Altitudes in West Sumatra

Jasmi¹

2022

JBI

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Apis cerana is a honey bee with a wide distribution, it can be found in the lowlands until 1800 meters above sea level. Differences in geographical conditions, especially altitude, can affect the morphological character of honey bees. Morphometric analysis can be used to prove changes in morphological characters due to differences in environmental factors. This study was conducted to determine the variations in body size of Apis cerana from three different altitudes in West Sumatra. A total of 45 colonies were observed and 15 individual worker bees from each colony were collected for mounting purposes. Wings, antennae and hind leg were mounted and a bitmap image was created for each body part. Measurement of morphological characters was carried out from bitmap images using OPTILAB software and viewer Image Raster. Total characters measured in this study were 78 characters with 59 of them were new. The results of the t-test analysis showed that the difference in the size of the morphological character of worker bees was mostly found in individuals from altitude >1000 m above sea level and <100 m above sea level, which was 73.07% characters. The main body size, antennae, wings and hind legs of A. cerana tends to follow the altitudinal gradients.

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Wing Coupling in Bees and Wasps: From the Underlying Science to Bioinspired Engineering

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Double‐Spirals Offer the Development of Preprogrammable Modular Metastructures

Double‐Spirals Offer the Development of Preprogrammable Modular Metastructures

An insect-inspired asymmetric hinge in a double-layer membrane

Variation in Morphometric Characteristic of Apis cerana Fabricius (1793) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from Various Altitudes in West Sumatra

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