Wine polyphenols improve cardiovascular remodeling and vascular function in NO-deficient hypertension

Abstract

The effects of the red wine polyphenolic compounds (Provinol) on hypertension, left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, and vascular remodeling were investigated after chronic inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase by administration of N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) to rats. Rats were divided into four groups: a control group, a group treated for 4 wk with L-NAME (40 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)), and two groups treated with L-NAME followed by 3 wk of either spontaneous recovery or recovery with Provinol treatment (40 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)). Administration of Provinol produced a greater readiness of the decrease in blood pressure than that in the spontaneous recovery group. Provinol significantly depressed myocardial fibrosis and expedited the decrease in aortic cross-sectional area, the increase in endothelium-dependent relaxation, and the decrease in contraction of the aorta. These effects of Provinol were associated with a greater increase of NO synthase activity in the left ventricle and the aorta. The present study provides evidence that Provinol accelerates the regression of blood pressure and improves structural and functional cardiovascular changes produced by chronic inhibition of NO synthesis.

Red Wine Polyphenols Enhance Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Expression and Subsequent Nitric Oxide Release From Endothelial Cells

“…This is in concordance with very recent in vivo data. 14 Of high interest is the identification of the polyphenolic constituents that may be responsible for the observed RWPE effect. Red wine polyphenols encompass anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, monomeric flavanols, flavonols, and phenolic acids, as well as stilbene derivatives.…”

Grape products and cardiovascular disease risk factors

“…Main compositional characteristics of grapes and polyphenol-rich derived products (9,14,28,30,34) (11) Twenty-three ovariectomised guinea-pigs 12 weeks Control treatment or diet with 10 % freeze-dried grapes, 6 % dietary fibre and 0·5 % total polyphenols. Intake ad libitum Ruf et al (1995) (12) 144 rats 4 months Series 1: tap water, ethanol 6 %, red wine diluted in water (6 % ethanol) or white wine diluted in water (6 % ethanol) Series 2: ethanol 6 %, red wine diluted in water (6 % ethanol), ethanol 6 % with 0·2 % glycerol or ethanol 6 % with 0·025 % grape seed extract Series 3: ethanol 6 %, red wine diluted in water (6 % ethanol) or red wine extract added to ethanol 6 % Series 4: water, red wine diluted in water (6 % ethanol) with the same content in glycerol as dealcoholised red wine or dealcoholised red wine Martín-Carró n et al (2000) (13) Twenty-four rats 4 weeks Diet with and without cholesterol, two groups in each: control treatment or product from grapes rich in polyphenols (1·63 %) and fibre (50 %) (10 % diet) Martín-Carró n et al (2000) (13) Eighty rats 42 d Diet with and without cholesterol, three groups in each: control with cellulose, white grape peel or white grape seed (all the groups with 54-59 % dietary fibre) Falchi et al (2006) (14) Rats 30 d Grape seed extract (0·18-0·33 % total polyphenols fresh matter), grape flesh extract (0·03 -0·04 % total polyphenols fresh matter) or water Osman et al (1998) (22) Five (26) Eighty rats 10 weeks Diet with cholesterol supplemented with: cellulose, grape pomace, apple pomace or tomato pomace Diebolt et al (2001) (40) Twenty-four rats 1 week Product with glucose 5 % or two different extracts of polyphenols from red wine (in all cases, 20 mg/kg weight per d) Bernatova et al (2002) (41) Forty-eight rats After taking L-NAME for 3 weeks, three groups:…”

The effect of chronic consumption of red wine polyphenols on vascular function in postmenopausal women

“…Interestingly, the within-group decrease in AIx following DRW consumption was significantly correlated with a nonsignificant downward trend in central SBP, suggesting that the reduction from baseline in arterial stiffness may be responsible for the change in aortic SBP. The hypotensive effects of polyphenols have also been associated with enhanced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, inhibition of vasoconstriction induced by noradrenalin (Chen and Pace-Asciak, 1996;Bernatova et al, 2002) and inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity (Aviram and Dornfeld, 2001). …”