Grape products and cardiovascular disease risk factors

Pérez‐Jiménez, Jara; Saura‐Calixto, Fulgencio

doi:10.1017/s0954422408125124

Cited by 81 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(299 reference statements)

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“…Accumulating evidence indicates that grape polyphenols work in many different ways to decrease blood glucose [45], improve insulin resistance [46]- [48], suppress hyperinsulinemia [49], and reduce blood pressure and lipid concentration [50]- [53]. Consistently, our results showed that the plasma glucose and insulin mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the non-STZ treated mice fed with GPE.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Grape Pomace Aqueous Extract (GPE) Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Diabetes and Attenuates Systemic Inflammation

Li¹,

Parry²,

Weeda³

et al. 2016

FNS

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Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic syndromes with a hallmark of hyperglycemia. Serious long-term complications from diabetes are a major cause of hospitalization and death. We recently discovered that grape pomace, the by-product from the waste of the wine and juice industries, had great potential to prevent diabetes. In this study, we examined the potential use of grape pomace in controlling high blood glucose in the form of Cabernet Franc Grape pomace aqueous extract (GPE). Both streptozotocin (STZ; 1 × 150 mg/kg)-treated mice and non-STZ treated mice were fed with high fat diet that was supplemented with 2.4 g/kg GPE for 12 weeks. GPE had no significant effect on the blood glucose levels in STZ-treated mice. However, GPE significantly reduced blood glucose levels by 16.1% (p < 0.05) in non-STZ treated mice following a 10-week HFD feeding period when compared with high fat diet controls. GPE reduction of hyperglycemia also promoted a significant reduction of GHbA1c accumulation. Circulating peptide hormones related to glucose homeostasis, including GLP-1, glucagon, DPP-4 and insulin, were drastically altered by GPE. Moreover, GPE attenuated the expressions of insulin, glucagon, and several gut hormones at the mRNA level. In addition, GPE significantly down regulated 5 biomarker genes for systematic inflammation. Taken together, our results highlight a role of GPE as a potential alternative approach to control diabetes epidemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Grape Pomace Aqueous Extract (GPE) Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Diabetes and Attenuates Systemic Inflammation

Li¹,

Parry²,

Weeda³

et al. 2016

FNS

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“…Several grape products have been shown to reduce markers of inflammation or oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular disease in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro. 29,30 For example, consumption of red grape juice by hemodialysis patients, who suffer from hemodialysis-induced oxidative stress, reduced plasma levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and ex vivo neutrophil NAPDH oxidase activity. 31 Similarly, consumption of red grape juice decreased markers of oxidative stress in healthy adults.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenol-rich grape powder extract (GPE) attenuates inflammation in human macrophages and in human adipocytes exposed to macrophage-conditioned media

et al. 2010

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Background: Obesity-associated inflammation is characterized by an increased abundance of macrophages (MFs) in white adipose tissue (WAT), leading to the production of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and prostaglandins (PGs) that can cause insulin resistance. Grape powder extract (GPE) is rich in phenolic phytochemicals that possess anti-oxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Objective: We examined the ability of GPE to prevent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in human MFs and silence the cross-talk between human MFs and adipocytes. Design: We investigated the effect of GPE pretreatment on LPS-mediated activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), and induction of inflammatory genes in human MFs (that is, differentiated U937 cells). In addition, we determined the effect of GPE pretreatment of MFs on inflammation and insulin resistance in primary human adipocytes incubated with LPS-challenged MF-conditioned medium (MF-CM). Methods and Results: Pretreatment of MFs with GPE attenuated LPS-induction of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1b; chemokines, such as IL-8 and interferon-g inducible protein-10 (IP-10); and a marker of PG production, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Grape powder extract also attenuated LPS activation of MAPKs, NF-kB and AP-1 (c-Jun), as evidenced by decreased (1) phosphorylation of c-Jun NH 2 -terminal kinase (JNK) and p38; (2) degradation of IkBa and activation of an NF-kB reporter construct; and (3) phosphorylation of c-Jun and Elk-1. Using LPSchallenged MF-CM, GPE pretreatment attenuated MF-mediated inflammatory gene expression, activation of an NF-kB reporter and suppression of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in human adipocytes. Conclusion:Collectively, these data demonstrate that GPE attenuates LPS-mediated inflammation in MFs, possibly by decreasing the activation of MAPKs, NF-kB and AP-1, and that GPE decreases the capacity of LPS-stimulated MFs to inflame adipocytes and cause insulin resistance.

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“…These products have been used to treat a variety of conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative disorders, aging, hypertension, hyperlipedemia, and dental caries (Perez-Jimenez and Saura-Calixto 2008, Iriti and Faoro 2009, Kaur et al 2009, Nassiri-Asl and Hosseinzadeh 2009, Wu 2009, Yadav et al 2009). Although the chemical constituents of grapes and wine vary to some degree, similar therapeutic effects have been attributed to wine.…”

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confidence: 99%

Wine and Health: A Review

Guilford

Pezzuto

2011

Am. J. Enol. Vitic.

166

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Abstract:As indicated by epidemiological studies, regular and moderate wine consumption, particularly red wine, has been associated with health benefits. Clinical studies and work performed with animal models indicate that wine may protect against cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, certain types of cancer, type 2 diabetes, neurological disorders, and metabolic syndrome. The mechanism of action has been attributed to antioxidant, lipid regulating, and anti-inflammatory effects. A variety of wine constituents have been studied in various disease models. Both the alcoholic and polyphenolic components of wine are believed to contribute to these beneficial effects. As wine is a complex mixture, it is likely that a multitude of chemical constituents, as well as their metabolites, work synergistically to impact human health. In sum, although wine drinking may be contraindicated in certain individuals, in healthy people, regular consumption of moderate amounts of wine may protect against certain chronic health conditions.

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Grape products and cardiovascular disease risk factors

Cited by 81 publications

References 108 publications

Grape Pomace Aqueous Extract (GPE) Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Diabetes and Attenuates Systemic Inflammation

Grape Pomace Aqueous Extract (GPE) Prevents High Fat Diet-Induced Diabetes and Attenuates Systemic Inflammation

Polyphenol-rich grape powder extract (GPE) attenuates inflammation in human macrophages and in human adipocytes exposed to macrophage-conditioned media

Wine and Health: A Review

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