Wind turbine blade recycling: Experiences, challenges and possibilities in a circular economy

Jensen, Jonas Pagh; Skelton, Kristen

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2018.08.041

Cited by 241 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Examples of these applications can be found in housing and sports equipment. 25,26 However, since the options for re-use are limited and waste material often has complex non-adaptable geometries, the direct re-use of thermoset products will most likely remain a specific niche market. Therefore direct re-use will not significantly contribute to solving the thermoset waste problem.…”

Section: Recycling Of Conventional Thermoset Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Potential and Limitations of Recyclable Thermosets for Structural Applications

et al. 2019

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The outstanding performance of conventional thermosets arising from their covalently cross-linked networks directly results in a limited recyclability. The available commercial or close-to-commercial techniques facing this challenge can be divided into mechanical, thermal, and chemical processing. However, these methods typically require a high energy input and do not take the recycling of the thermoset matrix itself into account. Rather, they focus on retrieving the more valuable fibers, fillers, or substrates. To increase the circularity of thermoset products, many academic studies report potential solutions which require a reduced energy input by using degradable linkages or dynamic covalent bonds. However, the majority of these studies have limited potential for industrial implementation. This review aims to bridge the gap between the industrial and academic developments by focusing on those which are most relevant from a technological, sustainable and economic point of view. An overview is given of currently used approaches for the recycling of thermoset materials, the development of novel inherently recyclable thermosets and examples of possible applications that could reach the market in the near future.

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Section: Recycling Of Conventional Thermoset Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on the Potential and Limitations of Recyclable Thermosets for Structural Applications

et al. 2019

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“…The agro-based biomass is available only during crop harvesting which consists of around 3 months a year. In this context, the collection, procurement, transportation and storage of biomass are the important factors governing the further use [68]. In absence of a proper supply chain, only 140 Mt out of the total 540 Mt of usable agro-based biomass is currently available for energy production, while rest is being used as cattle fodder and domestic fuel by direct burning.…”

Section: Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth projections against set-target of renewable energy and resultant impact on emissions reduction in India

Chabhadiya

Srivastava

Pathak

2020

Environmental Engineering Research

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In accordance with the Paris Climate Agreement (COP21) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), India is greatly focused on deployment of renewable energy (RE) for supplementing the energy requirements of the country. The present article assesses the validity of the promises offered by RE technologies in India and its necessary action to understand the gap between setting goals and the ground situation, which can also show a pathway to other developing countries. Therefore, the long-term projection perspectives on RE growth have been made using the India Energy Security Scenario-2047. In order to achieve the set target for emissions reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs) i.e., 1209 MT CO2e in support of SDGs to the 2005 level by 2030, three renewable growth scenarios have been tested for transitioning the Indian energy system. Accordingly, the regression analysis reveals that the most desirable growth scenario will require a steady rise of RE contribution in the overall energy mix of India by 2030 from the current ~21% to 68% of the installed capacity. In this view, the present study highlights the exploration of new alternatives in long-term energy planning, and less on one-sided scenario to achieve the emissions’ reduction target.

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“…This review covers biobased phosphorus-containing flame retardants for epoxy resins and polyesters. The application range of polyesters includes synthetic fibers [14] in home furnishing or car upholstery and foams in construction materials like wind turbine blades [15]. Their resistance to stretching, most chemicals and wrinkling are characteristics of polyesters which make them very interesting for the textile industry [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants from Biobased Chemicals and Their Application in Polyesters and Epoxy Resins

et al. 2019

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Phosphorus-containing flame retardants synthesized from renewable resources have had a lot of impact in recent years. This article outlines the synthesis, characterization and evaluation of these compounds in polyesters and epoxy resins. The different approaches used in producing biobased flame retardant polyesters and epoxy resins are reported. While for the polyesters biomass derived compounds usually are phosphorylated and melt blended with the polymer, biobased flame retardants for epoxy resins are directly incorporated into the polymer structure by a using a phosphorylated biobased monomer or curing agent. Evaluating the efficiency of the flame retardant composites is done by discussing results obtained from UL94 vertical burning, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry tests. The review ends with an outlook on future development trends of biobased flame retardant systems for polyesters and epoxy resins.

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Wind turbine blade recycling: Experiences, challenges and possibilities in a circular economy

Cited by 241 publications

References 30 publications

A Review on the Potential and Limitations of Recyclable Thermosets for Structural Applications

A Review on the Potential and Limitations of Recyclable Thermosets for Structural Applications

Growth projections against set-target of renewable energy and resultant impact on emissions reduction in India

Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants from Biobased Chemicals and Their Application in Polyesters and Epoxy Resins

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