Wind to Hydrogen in California: Case Study

Antonia, Olga; Saur, Genevieve

doi:10.2172/1051927

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…On average,c urrent conventional electrolyzers have ac onversion performance of approximately 50 kWh kg H 2 À1 (4.5 kWh m H 2 À3 ), [119] althoughi mprovements are possible. On average,c urrent conventional electrolyzers have ac onversion performance of approximately 50 kWh kg H 2 À1 (4.5 kWh m H 2 À3 ), [119] althoughi mprovements are possible.…”

Section: Cost Effectiveness Of Peca Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As ar eference parameter,i ti sn ecessary to estimate the cost of H 2 production by using the PV-electrolyzer combination. On average,c urrent conventional electrolyzers have ac onversion performance of approximately 50 kWh kg H 2 À1 (4.5 kWh m H 2 À3 ), [119] althoughi mprovements are possible. Considering that current PV technologiesh ave ac ost of approxi-mately0 .1-0.2 $kWh À1 at best, the cost of H 2 production is thus larger than approximately 3$kg À1 ,avalue often considered at arget cost for renewable hydrogen to be competitive.…”

Section: Cost Effectiveness Of Peca Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Turning Perspective in Photoelectrocatalytic Cells for Solar Fuels

Perathoner

Centi

2015

ChemSusChem

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The development of new devices for the use and storage of solar energy is a key step to enable a new sustainable energy scenario. The route for direct solar-to-chemical energy transformation, especially to produce liquid fuels, represents a necessary element to realize transition from the actual energy infrastructure. Photoelectrocatalytic (PECa) devices for the production of solar fuels are a key element to enable this sustainable scenario. The development of PECa devices and related materials is of increasing scientific and applied interest. This concept paper introduces the need to turn the viewpoint of research in terms of PECa cell design and related materials with respect to mainstream activities in the field of artificial photosynthesis and leaves. As an example of a new possible direction, the concept of electrolyte-less cell design for PECa cells to produce solar fuels by reduction of CO2 is presented. The fundamental and applied development of new materials and electrodes for these cells should proceed fully integrated with PECa cell design and systematic analysis. A new possible approach to develop semiconductors with improved performances by using visible light is also shortly presented.

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Section: Cost Effectiveness Of Peca Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cost Effectiveness Of Peca Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Turning Perspective in Photoelectrocatalytic Cells for Solar Fuels

Perathoner

Centi

2015

ChemSusChem

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“…Another storage approach currently in the research and development stage is renewably generated hydrogen. Excess electricity from wind or solar is used to electrolyze water to hydrogen, which is then stored until needed to be used in place of natural gas in engines or fuel cells (Antonia and Saur 2012).…”

Section: Distributed Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Renewable Electricity: Insights for the Coming Decade

Stark

Pless

Logan

et al. 2015

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This study was commissioned by Ecomagination of General Electric and carried out by the Joint Institute for Strategic Energy Analysis. It describes recent trends in renewable electricity (RE) costs and technology improvements. RE technologies, led by wind and solar photovoltaics, have accounted for roughly half of all new capacity additions around the world since 2011. This research highlights how RE costs have declined to the point of being increasingly competitive with many traditional generation options, even without incentives. This study focuses on costs and brief technology assessments; it does not consider the many complex market and policy issues that influence deployment of technologies. It also restricts itself to RE costs at the busbar, or point of departure from the power plant. Transmission and integration costs are complex, highly site-specific, and beyond the scope of this study. The authors calculate the levelized cost of electricity generation for three regions of the world as the technologies are understood today, and based on expected changes over the next decade. Of course, no one knows how costs will actually change over that time, so the results should be considered as one view of the future. The estimated costs used in this study were taken from a combination of literature reviews and expert interviews. The technology assessments in this study also come from a combination of materials from published literature and from expert interviews with scientists at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in late 2014. Finally, the authors present case study "snapshots" of RE deployment trends in two countries: China and the United States. While there are many other interesting stories to tell about RE deployment around the globe, the authors chose these two because of their sizes, dynamism, and unique policy environments. Although an analysis of market and policy effects on RE is beyond the scope of this study, these case studies provide real world context for the RE technology trends described throughout the paper. ix This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications. Globally, RE continues to benefit from transparent long-term pricing, low or reduced water intensity, use of domestic resources, and contribution to local, regional, and global policy goals of meeting renewable energy and environmental standards. Financial incentives and subsidies are less likely to play a substantial role in the expansion of RE going forward than they have previously, given increasing cost competitiveness within the current economic structures. Indeed, in many locations, many RE technologies are already cost competitive with new conventional generating sources even without financial support. However, a subsidy-free world does not imply a policy-free environment. Moving forward, energy policies may focus more on enabling integration, alternative market designs (such as one that values flexibility), and operational advances. Countries all over the worl...

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“…Several technologies have been proposed for temporary storage (see, e.g., [21] for a review of technologies). In this case, we will assume a standard Pb battery rack system, as there is wide experience in marine applications.…”

Section: Short-term Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Offshore Desalination Using Wave Energy

Serna

Tadeo

2013

Advances in Mechanical Engineering

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This paper evaluates the design of an offshore desalination plant currently under preliminary development. The purpose is to test the feasibility of producing drinkable water using wave energy in out-of-sight installations, as an alternative for those locations where land use, civil engineering works, and/or environmental impact make a coast-based solution inadequate. After describing the components, a proposal for sizing them is studied, based on using buoy-measured data at the expected location and their mathematical models of the different sections of the plant. Finally, by using measured buoy data, the influence of sizing on the expected performance is studied for a specific location, and one of the designs is developed in detail.

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Wind to Hydrogen in California: Case Study

Cited by 7 publications

References 8 publications

Turning Perspective in Photoelectrocatalytic Cells for Solar Fuels

Turning Perspective in Photoelectrocatalytic Cells for Solar Fuels

Renewable Electricity: Insights for the Coming Decade

Offshore Desalination Using Wave Energy

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