Wind power plant integration in voltage source converter HVdc grids with voltage droop control

Añó-Villalba, S.; Blasco-Gimenez, R.; Bernal-Perez, S.; Belenguer, E.

doi:10.1016/j.matcom.2016.12.007

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Grid‐forming control of WTs in OWPPs was originally developed to enable the use of diode rectifiers (DRs) for connecting OWPPs to HVDC, so as to reduce costs through higher reliability and lower losses, complexity and footprints. The study in [13] shows that a DR‐connected OWPP can contribute with restoration services for onshore grids by smoothly energizing the HVDC grid, including rectifier transformers, reactive compensation and filter banks, submarine cables and onshore converter capacitors without the need of limiter resistors. Simulations presented in [14, 15] show that it is also theoretically possible for an HVAC‐connected OWPP with droop‐controlled WTs to blackstart an onshore grid through an HVAC export cable, with the success of the various energization stages depending very much on the WT grid‐side converter (GSC) grid‐forming control and the electrical system design, ensuring that there is enough turbine capacity to absorb the reactive power generated by the cable section to be energized.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blackstart from HVDC‐connected offshore wind: Hard versus soft energization

Jain

Saborío‐Romano

Sakamuri

et al. 2021

IET Renewable Power Gen

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In recent years, renewable energy sources have been integrated on a large scale in power systems all around the world to address the environmental sustainability concerns. With conventional thermal generators being phased out, large offshore wind power plants present a viable alternative to provide blackstart services for power system restoration. By means of simulations, grid-forming wind turbines are shown to successfully energize the offshore transformer and the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) export link in a controlled manner, to ultimately supply onshore block load. Two methods for energizing the offshore network have been compared: the prevalent hard-switching approach and the more complex soft-start method. Additionally, control has been implemented to mitigate the significant transients in the export link associated with pre-charging of the onshore converter. It is shown that soft-start can provide faster energization with smaller transients compared to hard-switching. Moreover, the sensitivity analyses performed in this study illustrate the impact of pre-insertion resistor and voltage ramp-up rates on transients during hardswitching and soft-start, respectively. The results presented also show that grid-forming wind power plants can deal with controlled pre-charging of the onshore converter from its DC terminals that is essential for the safe energization and operation of the export link.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blackstart from HVDC‐connected offshore wind: Hard versus soft energization

Jain

Saborío‐Romano

Sakamuri

et al. 2021

IET Renewable Power Gen

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“…Faults in hybrid LCC-VSC HVdc systems with Diode Rectifier-connected Wind Power Plants (DR-WPP) have been previously studied [4], [19], [20], [21]. However, [4] considered mainly the efficiency studies, with only marginal fault studies in monopolar point-to-point systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, [4] considered mainly the efficiency studies, with only marginal fault studies in monopolar point-to-point systems. This work was extended to multi-terminal bipolar systems [19]. In both cases, averaged models of the VSC converters were used and the fault studies carried out did not include any new proposal for fault response co-ordination between different elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection Strategies for the Connection of Diode Rectifier-Based Wind Power Plants to HVdc Interconnectors

Martínez-Turégano

Vidal-Albalate

Añó-Villalba

et al. 2021

IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron.

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The connection of diode rectifier (DR) based wind power plants to existing or planned High Voltage dc (HVdc) interconnectors can lead to important savings on cost and system robustness. Since the DR station usually operates in a bipolar configuration, its connection to symmetric monopoles is particularly challenging. However, there are no published detailed studies on the protection of DR connection wind power plants to symmetric monopole interconnectors or even to bipolar interconnectors. This paper includes the comparative study of five different protection strategies for such systems, including both solid and resistive DR station grounding and strategies with and without the use of dc-circuit breakers. An analytical study allows for the calculation of fault current during fault on-set for both half-bridge and hybrid Modular Multi-level Converter (MMC) stations. Using detailed Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) simulation studies, the different protection strategies are evaluated in terms of current, voltage and isolation requirements of each element, as well as the need for dc-circuit breakers, fast communication or larger surge arresters. Moreover, a distance fault detection algorithm is included for the wind turbine converters to distinguish between local ac-grid and dc-cable faults.From the simulation results it is possible to conclude that DR high impedance grounding, together with wind turbine distance protection can be used for the protection of DR based offshore wind power plants connected to symmetric monopole interconnectors without requiring dc-circuit breakers.

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“…Moreover, using the back-end converter for controlling DC voltage and the front-end converter for the wind turbine (WT) power might have a significant impact on the WT loads. The control proposed in [12] has been used to study efficiency in [13], rectifier filter reduction in [14] and integration of the diode rectifier in VSC-based HVDC grids in [15] and [16]. The proposal in [2] uses a GPS signal to provide a common angular reference to both type-3 and type-4 WTGSs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decentralized Control of Offshore Wind Farms Connected to Diode-Based HVdc Links

Cardiel-Alvarez

Arnaltes

Rodriguez-Amenedo

et al. 2018

IEEE Trans. Energy Convers.

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This paper presents a novel decentralized control for offshore wind farms connected to the onshore grid through a high voltage direct current link by means of a diode rectifier. The proposed control system is implemented in each wind turbine generator system (WTGS). The capacitor placed at the filter of the wind turbine front-end converter is used for the proposed control implementation. Frequency control is achieved by aligning the capacitor voltage vector along a reference axis rotating at the reference frequency. Then, a frequencyreactive power droop control allows the synchronization of all the WTGSs. On the other hand, this droop strategy also leads to total reactive power sharing among WTGSs without relying on communications. An additional secondary frequency control is also implemented to compensate the frequency deviation caused by the droop control. The proposed control system has been validated by simulation and results demonstrate the appropriate performance even during start-up and faults.

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Wind power plant integration in voltage source converter HVdc grids with voltage droop control

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Blackstart from HVDC‐connected offshore wind: Hard versus soft energization

Blackstart from HVDC‐connected offshore wind: Hard versus soft energization

Protection Strategies for the Connection of Diode Rectifier-Based Wind Power Plants to HVdc Interconnectors

Decentralized Control of Offshore Wind Farms Connected to Diode-Based HVdc Links

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