Wind Direction Data from a Coastal HF Radar System in the Gulf of Naples (Central Mediterranean Sea)

Saviano, Simona; Esposito, Giovanni; Lemma, Roberta Di; Ruggiero, Paola de; Zambianchi, Enrico; Pierini, Stefano; Falco, Pierpaolo; Buonocore, Berardino; Cianelli, Daniela; Uttieri, Marco

doi:10.3390/rs13071333

Cited by 9 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…The surface circulation of the GoN is mainly driven by the local wind field, with the creation of specific patterns affecting both the physical and biological processes developing in the area (Cianelli et al, 2017). During winter months, predominant and most intense winds come from NNE and NE directions, which determine off‐shore transport and sea storms (de Ruggiero et al, 2020; Menna et al, 2007; Saviano et al, 2021). In spring and autumn, the principal wind directions are NE and SW, the surface currents associated are characterized by the presence of recirculation structures, with both cyclonic and anticyclonic gyres at basin and sub‐basin scales (Menna et al, 2007; Saviano et al, 2019; Saviano, Cianelli, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a coastal embayment opened to the Tyrrhenian Sea (Figure 1), with the Sarno river mouth on its South-West side, and the Volturno river flowing into the nearby Gulf of Gaeta. The surface circulation of the GoN is mainly driven by the local wind field, with the creation of specific patterns affecting both the physical and biological processes developing in the area (Cianelli et al, 2017) (de Ruggiero et al, 2020;Menna et al, 2007;Saviano et al, 2021).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Long‐term variability of the coastal ocean stratification in the Gulf of Naples: Two decades of monitoring the marine ecosystem at the LTER–MC site, between land and open Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2022

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Coastal areas represent ∼ 17 % of marine primary production (Smith et al., 2005), contribute to the largest portion of fish catches (∼ 80 % if we consider all Large Marine Ecosystems as coastal systems, Sherman et al., 2009), and provides for more than 90% of the global trade (WTO, 2018). While the latter is sustained by the crucial role of maritime transportation, the former strongly depend on physical processes that occur in coastal systems. Winds, runoff, tides, and heat fluxes (Ferrari & Wunsch, 2009) are the main source of auxiliary energy, sensu Margalef (1978) andFrontier et al. (2008), and modulate the large biogeochemical fluxes from land, through the atmosphere and runoff.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Long‐term variability of the coastal ocean stratification in the Gulf of Naples: Two decades of monitoring the marine ecosystem at the LTER–MC site, between land and open Mediterranean Sea

et al. 2022

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“…HFr wave parameters from RC3, RC5 and RC7 (i.e., 3, 5 and 7 km from the antenna, respectively) were analyzed in comparison to those obtained at co-located sites by using the SW model. As in previous works [9,11,19,43], RC5 was considered a benchmark RC, trading off between distance from the coast (ensuring enough echo intensity) and depth (avoiding wave breaking). Instead, RC3 and RC7 were used to assess the robustness of HFr retrieval in areas nearer to (RC3) and farther from (RC7) the antenna.…”

Section: Data Analysis Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three short-range HFrs, deployed between 2004 and 2008, use 25 MHz as working frequency [36] and cover different sub-sectors of the GoN (PORT, CAST and SORR; Figure 1). This system has been used in the GoN to analyze the characteristics of the surface current [40][41][42] and wave fields [9,11,19], as well as to retrieve information on wind direction data [43].…”

Section: Hf Radar Wave Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Storm Analysis: Evaluation of Multiannual Wave Parameters Retrieved from HF Radar and Wave Model

et al. 2022

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Intense atmospheric disturbances, which impact directly on the sea surface causing a significant increase in wave height and sometimes strong storm surges, have become increasingly frequent in recent years in the Mediterranean Sea, producing extreme concern in highly populated coastal areas, such as the Gulf of Naples (Western Mediterranean Sea, Central Tyrrhenian Sea). In this work, fifty-six months of wave parameters retrieved by an HF radar network are integrated with numerical outputs to analyze the seasonality of extreme events in the study area and to investigate the performance of HF radars while increasing their distances from the coast. The model employed is the MWM (Mediterranean Wind-Wave Model), providing a wind-wave dataset based on numerical models (the hindcast approach) and implemented in the study area with a 0.03° spatial resolution. The integration and comparison with the MWM dataset, carried out using wave parameters and spectral information, allowed us to analyze the availability and accuracy of HF sampling during the investigated period. The statistical comparisons highlight agreement between the model and the HF radars during episodes of sea storms. The results confirm the potential of HF radar systems as long-term monitoring observation platforms, and allow us to give further indications on the seasonality of sea storms under different meteorological conditions and on their energy content in semi-enclosed coastal areas, such as the Gulf of Naples.

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“…For momentum fluxes, key variables are surface winds, currents, and waves. In coastal regions, high-frequency radar systems provide surface currents at O(1) km resolution (Kim 2010;Paduan and Washburn 2013;Kirincich et al 2019), which can be used to infer surface wave conditions and wind stress (e.g., Saviano et al 2021). The airborne DopplerScatt system simultaneously captures surface wind stress, waves, and currents (Wineteer et al 2020) and is central to the Submesoscale Ocean Dynamics Experiment (S-MODE; Farrar et al 2020).…”

Section: B Remote Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean Mesoscale and Frontal-Scale Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions and Influence on Large-Scale Climate: A Review

et al. 2023

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Two decades of high-resolution satellite observations and climate modeling studies have indicated strong ocean–atmosphere coupled feedback mediated by ocean mesoscale processes, including semipermanent and meandrous SST fronts, mesoscale eddies, and filaments. The air–sea exchanges in latent heat, sensible heat, momentum, and carbon dioxide associated with this so-called mesoscale air–sea interaction are robust near the major western boundary currents, Southern Ocean fronts, and equatorial and coastal upwelling zones, but they are also ubiquitous over the global oceans wherever ocean mesoscale processes are active. Current theories, informed by rapidly advancing observational and modeling capabilities, have established the importance of mesoscale and frontal-scale air–sea interaction processes for understanding large-scale ocean circulation, biogeochemistry, and weather and climate variability. However, numerous challenges remain to accurately diagnose, observe, and simulate mesoscale air–sea interaction to quantify its impacts on large-scale processes. This article provides a comprehensive review of key aspects pertinent to mesoscale air–sea interaction, synthesizes current understanding with remaining gaps and uncertainties, and provides recommendations on theoretical, observational, and modeling strategies for future air–sea interaction research. Significance Statement Recent high-resolution satellite observations and climate models have shown a significant impact of coupled ocean–atmosphere interactions mediated by small-scale (mesoscale) ocean processes, including ocean eddies and fronts, on Earth’s climate. Ocean mesoscale-induced spatial temperature and current variability modulate the air–sea exchanges in heat, momentum, and mass (e.g., gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide), altering coupled boundary layer processes. Studies suggest that skillful simulations and predictions of ocean circulation, biogeochemistry, and weather events and climate variability depend on accurate representation of the eddy-mediated air–sea interaction. However, numerous challenges remain in accurately diagnosing, observing, and simulating mesoscale air–sea interaction to quantify its large-scale impacts. This article synthesizes the latest understanding of mesoscale air–sea interaction, identifies remaining gaps and uncertainties, and provides recommendations on strategies for future ocean–weather–climate research.

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Wind Direction Data from a Coastal HF Radar System in the Gulf of Naples (Central Mediterranean Sea)

Cited by 9 publications

References 57 publications

Long‐term variability of the coastal ocean stratification in the Gulf of Naples: Two decades of monitoring the marine ecosystem at the LTER–MC site, between land and open Mediterranean Sea

Long‐term variability of the coastal ocean stratification in the Gulf of Naples: Two decades of monitoring the marine ecosystem at the LTER–MC site, between land and open Mediterranean Sea

Sea Storm Analysis: Evaluation of Multiannual Wave Parameters Retrieved from HF Radar and Wave Model

Ocean Mesoscale and Frontal-Scale Ocean–Atmosphere Interactions and Influence on Large-Scale Climate: A Review

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